【摘要】： 語言隨著社會的變化發(fā)展而不斷的變化發(fā)展著,而詞匯是語言諸要素中最敏感,最活躍的部分。語言的演變和發(fā)展首先表現(xiàn)在詞匯的變化上面。近年來,由于科技的進(jìn)步,人們知識領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大,受教育程度的提高和現(xiàn)代生活的多樣化發(fā)展,術(shù)語詞和非術(shù)語詞處于不斷的轉(zhuǎn)換過程之中,由此就產(chǎn)生了術(shù)語詞非術(shù)語化和非術(shù)語詞術(shù)語化的語言現(xiàn)象。所謂術(shù)語化,簡單來說就是指某一詞匯單位由普通詞語范疇向術(shù)語范疇的過渡;而非術(shù)語化則是與其相反的過程,即專業(yè)術(shù)語詞匯轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠胀ㄔ~匯的過程。術(shù)語化與非術(shù)語化現(xiàn)象是現(xiàn)代語言中的一個比較突出的現(xiàn)象。 在現(xiàn)代俄語中,術(shù)語詞匯進(jìn)入一般常用語或者一般常用語詞匯進(jìn)入術(shù)語詞匯并不是新的現(xiàn)象,早從19世紀(jì)30-40年代開始,俄語標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語中就開始吸收術(shù)語詞匯了。術(shù)語的非術(shù)語化,也稱為術(shù)語泛化,通常是通過科技術(shù)語和行業(yè)術(shù)語的借用,將其專業(yè)語義擴(kuò)大到常用語中,并衍生出非專業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)義或轉(zhuǎn)義用法。 本論文主要依據(jù)Е.М.Верещагин和В.Г.Костамаров提出的詞匯背景理論,對現(xiàn)代俄語中非術(shù)語化詞匯進(jìn)行民族文化語義分析。由于國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對此研究不多,因此該分析具有一定的語言學(xué)及語言文化學(xué)意義。 本論文由前言、主要內(nèi)容(共三章)、結(jié)尾和附錄組成: 在前言中,闡述了本文選題的目的、研究意義,以及國內(nèi)外的研究現(xiàn)狀和論文的新意等。 第一章主要對與非術(shù)語化相關(guān)的一些概念進(jìn)行界說,如術(shù)語、術(shù)語學(xué)等;并對科技術(shù)語的基本特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了概括和總結(jié),從而厘清概念,為以下分析奠定基礎(chǔ)。 第二章首先是對術(shù)語與通用詞匯的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了討論,然后通過對比《俄語常用詞詞典》和《俄漢科技大詞典》,以對術(shù)語化和非術(shù)語化詞匯的比重進(jìn)行定量分析。研究表明,俄語常用語中,術(shù)語化詞匯占有絕對優(yōu)勢,而非術(shù)語化詞匯所占的比重較小。在此基礎(chǔ)上,論文對非術(shù)語化現(xiàn)象的原因(包括語言外因素,如科技發(fā)展、社會進(jìn)步等,以及語言內(nèi)因素,如俄語的構(gòu)詞特點(diǎn)等)進(jìn)行了審視。 第三章對與民族文化語義相關(guān)的概念、關(guān)系等進(jìn)行了梳理,如語言與文化的關(guān)系,詞匯背景與科學(xué)背景等。然后著重對非術(shù)語化詞匯的詞匯背景和科技背景進(jìn)行了較全面的論述;最后對非術(shù)語化詞匯在現(xiàn)代俄語中的一些特點(diǎn)和效果等進(jìn)行實(shí)例分析。 在結(jié)尾部分給出了本文的結(jié)論,并就本問題的研究前景等提出了個人的意見。
[Abstract]:Language changes with the development of society, and vocabulary is the most sensitive and active part of language. The evolution and development of language are mainly reflected in the change of vocabulary. In recent years, with the progress of science and technology, the expansion of the field of people's knowledge, the improvement of education and the diversification of modern life, the terminology and non-term words are in the process of continuous transformation. Therefore, the linguistic phenomenon of non-terminological and non-nomenclature-nomenclature comes into being. Terminology, in short, refers to the transition of a lexical unit from the category of common words to the category of terms, while the non-nomenclature is the opposite process, that is, the process of transforming professional terminology into general vocabulary. The phenomenon of nomenclature and non-nomenclature is a prominent phenomenon in modern language. In modern Russian, it is not a new phenomenon that the term vocabulary enters into the general common language or the general common term vocabulary. As early as the 1930s and 1940s, the Russian standard language began to absorb the term vocabulary. Non-terminology, also known as term generalization, is usually extended to common terms through the borrowing of scientific and technical terms and industry terms, and derived non-professional escape or escape usage. Based on the lexical background theory put forward by the author, this paper makes a semantic analysis of modern non-terminological vocabulary in Russian. Since there are few researches on this issue at home and abroad, this analysis has certain linguistic and linguistic cultural significance. This thesis is composed of preface, main contents (three chapters), ending and appendix. In the preface, the purpose of this thesis, the significance of the research, the current research situation at home and abroad and the new ideas of the thesis are expounded. The first chapter defines some concepts related to non-terminology, such as terminology, terminology and so on, and generalizes and summarizes the basic characteristics of scientific and technological terms, so as to clarify the concept and lay a foundation for the following analysis. The second chapter first discusses the relationship between terms and common vocabulary, and then, by comparing the Russian Dictionary of Common words and the Great Dictionary of Russian and Chinese Science and Technology, the author makes a quantitative analysis of the proportion of terminology and non-terminology. The research shows that the terminological vocabulary occupies the absolute advantage, while the non-nomenclature vocabulary occupies a relatively small proportion. On this basis, the paper examines the causes of non-terminological phenomena (including external factors, such as the development of science and technology, social progress, as well as intra-linguistic factors, such as the characteristics of Russian word-formation, etc.). The third chapter combs the concepts and relations related to the semantics of national culture, such as the relationship between language and culture, lexical background and scientific background. Then, the author makes a comprehensive discussion on the lexical background and the scientific background of the non-nomenclature vocabulary, and finally analyzes some characteristics and effects of the non-nomenclature vocabulary in modern Russian. At the end, the conclusion of this paper is given, and some personal opinions on the future of this problem are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘇州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：H35

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 丹永梅;俄羅斯文學(xué)作品中的非術(shù)語化現(xiàn)象[D];蘇州大學(xué);2011年

2 沈潔;俄漢宗教術(shù)語泛化現(xiàn)象[D];蘇州大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：2132088