【摘要】：為了研究極低頻電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜及油菜田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物種群的生物學(xué)效應(yīng),分別設(shè)計(jì)了田間試驗(yàn)和室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)。在田間試驗(yàn)中,將油菜持續(xù)暴露在四種不同強(qiáng)度(0kV/m,2kV/m,10kV/m和15kV/m)的極低頻電磁場(chǎng)下,在油菜三葉期之后每隔10天觀測(cè)油菜的農(nóng)藝性狀和主要節(jié)肢動(dòng)物種群數(shù)量。觀測(cè)參數(shù)包括:株高、莖粗、葉片數(shù)、葉綠素、蚜蟲(chóng)、潛葉蠅和蜘蛛。在油菜成熟時(shí)進(jìn)行測(cè)產(chǎn),計(jì)算單株干物質(zhì)、千粒重和產(chǎn)量。在室內(nèi)試驗(yàn)中,分別在油菜苗期、花期和結(jié)實(shí)期三個(gè)時(shí)期進(jìn)行田間取樣,取油菜葉片檢測(cè)其生理指標(biāo)。試驗(yàn)參數(shù)包括:總蛋白、氨基酸、可溶性糖和四種酶(SOD、POD、CAT和GST)的活力。整個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)歷時(shí)兩年,研究結(jié)果如下:1.不同強(qiáng)度電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜農(nóng)藝性狀的影響10kV/m處理組連續(xù)兩年均能使油菜株高和莖粗增加;四種不同強(qiáng)度的極低頻電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜的葉綠素和產(chǎn)量連續(xù)兩年無(wú)顯著影響;15kV/m處理組在第二年使油菜功能葉數(shù)量下降。2.不同強(qiáng)度電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜不同時(shí)期營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)的影響從整體上看極低頻電磁場(chǎng)的持續(xù)暴露對(duì)油菜可溶性糖的含量沒(méi)有影響;2kV/m、10kV/m處理組連續(xù)兩年使油菜總蛋白含量下降;10kV/m處理組在第一年使油菜氨基酸含量增加;15kV/m處理組在第二年使油菜氨基酸含量增加。3.不同強(qiáng)度電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜不同時(shí)期四組保護(hù)性酶活力的影響從整體上看,極低頻電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜四種酶的活力存在上升作用。在2015年,2kV/m暴露組在油菜苗期、花期和結(jié)莢期SOD活力均明顯提高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露組在油菜苗期使CAT活力提高。2kV/m暴露組在油菜花期和結(jié)莢期使POD活力顯著升高。在2015年,10kV/m和15kV/m暴露組在油結(jié)莢期GST活力提高,然而15kV/m暴露組在油菜花期使GST活力下降。4.不同強(qiáng)度電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜田節(jié)肢動(dòng)物種群的影響在一年的研究中發(fā)現(xiàn),2kV/m處理組較對(duì)照蚜蟲(chóng)種群數(shù)量少;10kV/m、15kV/m處理組較對(duì)照組潛葉蠅種群數(shù)量多;極低頻電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)油菜田蜘蛛種群數(shù)量無(wú)影響。這些結(jié)果表明極低頻電磁場(chǎng)在油菜上的作用可以從發(fā)芽到收獲整個(gè)階段影響油菜的農(nóng)藝性狀。在一定強(qiáng)度磁場(chǎng)的處理下,可以增加油菜的株高、莖粗,氨基酸含量和酶的活力;同時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)電磁場(chǎng)對(duì)其田間蚜蟲(chóng)、潛葉蠅種群存在影響。通過(guò)這一結(jié)果可為建設(shè)全新農(nóng)業(yè)種植方式和害蟲(chóng)綜合治理探索新思路,可以更加確切的理解磁場(chǎng)對(duì)植物組織影響的機(jī)制,為輸變電工程在電力輸送的選擇上提供有力的參考依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:In order to study the biological effects of very low frequency electromagnetic fields on arthropod populations in rape and rape fields, field and laboratory experiments were designed. In field trials, rape was continuously exposed to four very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities (0 kV / m, 2 kV / m, 10 kV / m and 15kV/m). The agronomic characters and the number of major arthropods were observed every 10 days after the clover period of rapeseed. The observed parameters include plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, chlorophyll, aphid, leaf miner and spider. The dry matter per plant, 1000 grain weight and yield were calculated when rape matured. In the laboratory experiment, the physiological indexes of rape leaves were determined by field sampling at seedling stage, flowering stage and fruiting stage respectively. The parameters include the activity of total protein, amino acid, soluble sugar and four enzymes (SOD,POD,CAT and GST). The results are as follows: 1. Effects of electromagnetic fields with different intensities on agronomic characters of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) for two consecutive years, the plant height and stem diameter of rape were increased in 10kV/m treatment group, but the chlorophyll and yield of rape were not significantly affected by four kinds of very low frequency electromagnetic fields with different intensities for two consecutive years. The number of functional leaves of rape decreased by 2. 2 in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on nutrients in different periods of rapeseed the continuous exposure of very low frequency electromagnetic fields had no effect on the content of soluble sugar in rapeseed on the whole the total protein content of rape decreased for two consecutive years in the treatment group of 2kV / m 10 kV / m. The amino acid content of rape was increased in the first year in 10kV/m treatment group, and increased in 15kV/m treatment group in the second year. Effects of electromagnetic fields of different intensities on the activities of four groups of protective enzymes in different periods of rape. On the whole, very low frequency electromagnetic fields had an increasing effect on the activity of four kinds of enzymes in rapeseed. In 2015, the activity of SOD in 2kV/m exposed group was significantly increased in seedling, flowering and pod-setting stages of rapeseed. In 2015, 10kV/m and 15kV/m increased the activity of CAT at seedling stage of rape, while 2kV/m exposed group increased the activity of POD at flowering stage and pod-setting stage of rapeseed. In 2015, the GST activity of 10kV/m and 15kV/m exposed group was increased during oil pod setting, while the GST activity of 15kV/m exposed group decreased 4. 4 in rapeseed flower stage. Effects of different electromagnetic fields on arthropod population in rapeseed field in a year's study, it was found that the number of aphids in the 2kV/m treatment group was less than that in the control group, and that in the 10 kV / m 15 kV / m treatment group was more than that in the control group. The very low frequency electromagnetic field had no effect on the population of spiders in rapeseed field. These results indicated that the effect of very low frequency electromagnetic field on rapeseed could affect the agronomic characters of rapeseed from germination to harvest. The plant height, stem diameter, amino acid content and enzyme activity of rape could be increased by the treatment of a certain intensity magnetic field, and the effect of electromagnetic field on field aphids and leaf miner populations was also found. Through this result, we can explore new ideas for the construction of new agricultural planting methods and integrated pest management, and can more accurately understand the mechanism of magnetic field affecting plant tissue. It provides a powerful reference basis for the selection of power transmission in power transmission and transformation projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S565.4

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