【摘要】：以沿海沙地引種成功的綠竹、麻竹、大頭典竹、黃金間碧竹和花吊絲竹等5種叢生竹林為研究對(duì)象,從林分特性、林分空間結(jié)構(gòu)、竹木混交方式等方面,利用層次分析法(AHP)對(duì)沿海沙地叢生竹防護(hù)林的防風(fēng)效能進(jìn)行綜合分析評(píng)價(jià),以期為沿海沙地防護(hù)竹林科學(xué)經(jīng)營(yíng)和培育提供理論基礎(chǔ)和參考依據(jù)。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、疏透度是衡量林分結(jié)構(gòu)的重要指標(biāo)。疏透結(jié)構(gòu)下綠竹防護(hù)林防風(fēng)效能最佳,林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能為45.86%,比麻竹、大頭典竹、黃金間碧竹和花吊絲竹分別高10.91%、4.84%、12.73%和4.26%。通風(fēng)結(jié)構(gòu)下以大頭典竹、麻竹和綠竹防護(hù)林的林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能較好,均超過(guò)26%。緊密結(jié)構(gòu)下以綠竹和花吊絲竹防護(hù)林的林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能最好,分別為37.68%和27.63%。2、沿海沙地5種叢生竹防護(hù)林的林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能隨林分密度增大而增強(qiáng)。2年生的5種叢生竹林地在林分密度為800株· hm-2時(shí),林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能為24.82%,以黃金間碧竹防護(hù)林最佳為29.1%;在林分密度為1500株·hm-2時(shí),5種叢生竹林的林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能為54.40%,其中麻竹防護(hù)林的防風(fēng)效能最好為60.4%;在林分密度為2100株·hm-2時(shí),麻竹防護(hù)林的防風(fēng)效能最佳為63.4%。受林分疏透度影響,防風(fēng)效能隨著林分密度的增大先增強(qiáng)而后開(kāi)始緩慢下降。3、沿海沙地5種叢生竹林的防風(fēng)效能隨風(fēng)速的增大先是增強(qiáng)而后略有減弱。5種叢生竹林的林帶后風(fēng)速變化曲線趨勢(shì)較為一致,風(fēng)速在林帶后1H-3H距離內(nèi)風(fēng)速逐漸下降,至3H處達(dá)到最低,比林前對(duì)照風(fēng)速降低52.8%-69.1%。隨著林帶后距離的增加,林帶防風(fēng)效能逐漸減弱,風(fēng)速逐漸上升。5種叢生竹林在4組對(duì)照風(fēng)速下的林帶后平均防風(fēng)效能由高到低依次為麻竹54.29%綠竹48.39%大頭典竹44.27%花吊絲竹33.54%黃金間碧竹30.79%。4、林帶寬度和帶間距離從空間配置上對(duì)叢生竹林防風(fēng)效能產(chǎn)生影響。防風(fēng)效能隨著林帶寬度的增加而增加,最低風(fēng)速出現(xiàn)在林帶后3H-4H距離處。累積防風(fēng)效益隨帶間距離的增大而降低。5、在林帶后不同距離處防風(fēng)效能隨高度和風(fēng)速增大而降低,不同疏透結(jié)構(gòu)林帶后三個(gè)垂直高度上的平均防風(fēng)效能大小為:疏透結(jié)構(gòu)39.3%緊密結(jié)構(gòu)39.0%通風(fēng)結(jié)構(gòu)32.6%。6、竹木混交林比竹子純林及木麻黃純林擁有更好的防風(fēng)效能。株間混交比例為2:1時(shí)林帶防風(fēng)效能大小依次為:麻竹53.70%綠竹48.21%大頭典竹42.86%花吊絲竹41.18%黃金間碧竹38.46%;行帶狀混交比例為5:3時(shí)林帶防風(fēng)效能大小依次為:麻竹64.50%綠竹62.70%花吊絲竹56.30%大頭典竹55.20%黃金間碧竹52.00%;塊狀混交模式下,塊狀邊長(zhǎng)為10-15m時(shí)林帶防風(fēng)效能的大小依次為:麻竹55.41%綠竹45.31%花吊絲竹44.00%大頭典竹42.37%黃金間碧竹40.58%。7、利用層次分析法(AHP)對(duì)東山沿海沙地5種竹木混交模式綜合防風(fēng)效能建立評(píng)價(jià)模型,評(píng)價(jià)所得5種混交方式綜合值大小依次為:株間混交41.14%塊狀混交36.82%行間混交19.25%帶狀混交18.88%星狀混交12.36%。
[Abstract]:In this paper, five kinds of clumped bamboo forests, such as green bamboo, hemp bamboo, big head bamboo, yellow bamboo and flower bamboo, which were successfully introduced into coastal sandy land, were studied in terms of stand characteristics, stand spatial structure, mixed way of bamboo and wood, and so on. In order to provide theoretical basis and reference basis for scientific management and cultivation of bamboo forest protection in coastal sandy land, the wind-proof effectiveness of bamboo shelterbelt in coastal sandy land was comprehensively analyzed and evaluated by using AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) (AHP). The main results are as follows: 1. Thinness is an important index to measure stand structure. The windbreak efficiency of green bamboo protective forest under thinning and permeating structure was the best. The average windbreak efficiency behind the forest belt was 45.86, which was 10.914.84% and 4.26% higher than that of Phyllostachys officinalis, Typhostachys davidii, Cymbidium sinensis and Phyllostachys formosana, respectively, and was 12.73% and 4.26%, respectively. Under the ventilation structure, the average windbreak efficiency of the shelterbelt of bamboo, hemp and green bamboo was better than 26. Under the tight structure, the average windbreak efficiency of the protective forest with green bamboo and flower hanging silk bamboo was the best. The average windbreak efficiency of 5 kinds of shelterbelts in coastal sandy land was increased with the increase of stand density, respectively, and the mean windbreak efficiency of 5 types of bamboo forest with 2 years old was increased with stand density of 800 hm-2. The average windbreak efficiency behind the forest belt is 24.82, and the best is 29.1 for the golden bamboo protection forest, and 54.40 for the forest belt with the stand density of 1500 hm-2, and the best is 60.4 for the bamboo shelterbelt; the best for the bamboo shelterbelt is 60.4 in the forest. When the partial density was 2100 strains of hm-2, The best wind-proof effect of bamboo shelterbelt is 63.4%. Affected by stand thinning permeability, With the increase of stand density, the windbreak efficiency first increased and then decreased slowly. 3. The windbreak efficiency of 5 kinds of clumped bamboo forests in coastal sandy land increased first with the increase of wind speed, then slightly weakened the wind speed change of 5 species of bamboo forest after the forest belt. The trend of the curve is more consistent. The wind speed decreased gradually within the 1H-3H distance after the forest belt and reached the lowest at 3H, which was 52.8- 69.1 lower than that of the control. With the increase of the distance behind the forest belt, the wind-proof effect of the forest belt decreases gradually. Wind speed gradually increased. 5 species of cluster bamboo forest under the four control wind speed, the average windbreak efficiency was 54.29%, 48.39%, 44.27%, 33.54%, 30.79.4, the width of the forest belt and the distance between the bands from the air space, 44.29%, 48.39%, 44.27%, and the width of the forest belt and the distance between the bands from the air. The wind-proof effect of cluster bamboo forest was influenced by the arrangement of bamboo forest. The windbreak efficiency increased with the increase of forest belt width, and the lowest wind speed appeared at the 3H-4H distance behind the forest belt. The cumulative windbreak benefit decreased with the increase of the distance between the two zones, and decreased with the increase of height and wind speed at different distances behind the forest belt. The average wind-proof efficiency of the three vertical height of different thinning structures was 39.3% tight structure 39.0% ventilation structure 32.6.6. the bamboo and wood mixed forest had better wind protection efficiency than pure bamboo forest and Casuarina equisetifolia pure forest. When the ratio of mixed plants is 2:1, the wind-proof efficiency of forest belt is 53.70%, 48.21%, 42.86%, 41.18%, 38.46% and 38.46%, respectively, and the wind-proof efficiency of forest belt is 64.50%, when the ratio of intercropping is 5:3. 62.70%, 56.30%, 55.20%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%, 52.00%. When the block length is 10-15m, the wind-proof efficiency of the forest belt is 55.41%, 45.31%, 44.00%, 42.37%, 42.37%, respectively. The comprehensive wind control effect of bamboo and wood mixed model of 5 kinds of bamboo and wood mixed in Dongshan coastal sandy land is analyzed by using analytic hierarchy process (AHP) (AHP). The ability to build evaluation models, The comprehensive values of the five mixed ways were as follows: 41.14% interplant mixed with 36.82% interrow mixed and 19.25% banded mixed with 18.88% star-like mixed 12.3636.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S795

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