【摘要】：元代是中國歷史一個(gè)特殊的時(shí)期。北方的蒙古人入主中原后,帶來了大量的語言接觸和文化交融,所以在近代漢語史上,元代漢語也處于一個(gè)相對特殊的階段。本文以元代漢語語氣副詞為研究對象,并選取元代口語性較強(qiáng)且有代表性的語料作為直接文獻(xiàn)參考:《元刊全相平話五種》、《孝經(jīng)直解》、《新校元刊雜劇三十種》、《原本老乞大》和《元典章·刑部》,以求通過對元代文獻(xiàn)材料的梳理,整理出元代漢語語氣副詞系統(tǒng),分析其使用情況,進(jìn)而豐富近代漢語副詞研究成果。根據(jù)元代漢語的特點(diǎn),我們把元代漢語中的語氣副詞分為以下五類:確認(rèn)強(qiáng)調(diào)類、委婉推斷類、疑問反詰類、評價(jià)類和祈使類,并針對每一次類進(jìn)行研究。我們發(fā)現(xiàn):在五個(gè)次類中,確認(rèn)強(qiáng)調(diào)類語氣副詞數(shù)量最多,疑問反詰類語氣副詞最少。元代新產(chǎn)生的語氣副詞中,委婉推斷類數(shù)量最多,反詰類、祈使類數(shù)量最少。從音節(jié)數(shù)量上看,雙音節(jié)語氣副詞已經(jīng)占明顯優(yōu)勢,且多為附加式。不少語氣副詞既可修飾謂詞性成分,也可修飾整個(gè)句子。我們又以語氣副詞"好歹"為例,探討了元代語氣副詞的主觀化和主觀性。通過考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn):語氣副詞"好歹"從宋末元初開始出現(xiàn),元末明初主觀性開始不斷加強(qiáng),明清時(shí)期已經(jīng)發(fā)展成為既可表示確認(rèn)強(qiáng)調(diào)語氣,也可表示委婉推測語氣,并使用至今。
[Abstract]:The Yuan Dynasty was a special period in Chinese history. After the Mongols in the north took over the Central Plains, it brought a great deal of language contact and cultural blending, so in the history of modern Chinese, the Yuan Dynasty Chinese was also in a relatively special stage. This paper takes Chinese mood adverbs in Yuan Dynasty as the research object. The oral and representative corpus of Yuan Dynasty was selected as direct reference: < five kinds of plain words in Yuan Dynasty, >, "interpretation of filial piety", "Thirty kinds of New School and Yuan Opera", "Old Qida" and "Department of punishment in Yuan Dynasty", in order to get through. Combing the literature of Yuan Dynasty, The system of mood adverbs in Yuan Dynasty is sorted out, and its use is analyzed, which enriches the research results of modern Chinese adverbs. According to the characteristics of Chinese in Yuan Dynasty, we divide the mood adverbs of Yuan Dynasty into the following five categories: confirmation emphasis class, euphemism inference class, interrogative cross-examination class, evaluation class and imperative class. We find that among the five subcategories, the number of modal adverbs of confirmation emphasis class is the highest, and that of interrogative rhetorical modal adverbs is the least. Among the newly produced mood adverbs in Yuan Dynasty, the number of euphemism inference class is the most, the cross-examination class is the least, and the imperative class is the least. In terms of the number of syllables, double-syllable mood adverbs have been dominant, and most of them are additive. A lot of mood adverbs can modify the predicate component as well as the whole sentence. Taking mood adverb "good or bad" as an example, we discuss the subjectivity and subjectivity of mood adverb in Yuan Dynasty. Through investigation, we find that the mood adverb "good or evil" began to appear from the end of Song Dynasty to the beginning of Yuan Dynasty, and the subjectivity began to strengthen in the late Yuan Dynasty and the early Ming Dynasty, and the Ming and Qing dynasties period has developed into both confirming and emphasizing mood and euphemism for conjectural mood. And used up to now.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H146.2

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

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本文編號：2141181