本文選題：油坊莊　切入點(diǎn)：婦女　出處：《安徽大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 基督教信仰在我國(guó)農(nóng)村廣大群眾中十分普及,尤其農(nóng)村婦女信徒占大多數(shù),使其成為目前中國(guó)農(nóng)村教會(huì)一支不可忽視的有生力量。改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),尤其是1980年以來(lái),隨著中國(guó)大陸基督教信教規(guī)模逐步擴(kuò)大,關(guān)于基督教的研究主題也逐步在成為諸多學(xué)科的熱點(diǎn),學(xué)者們紛紛從文學(xué)、宗教學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)、歷史學(xué)、思想政治等多學(xué)科維度去考察它。隨著基督教本土化熱潮的掀起,鄉(xiāng)村基督教的世俗化現(xiàn)象等問(wèn)題也引起了來(lái)自各學(xué)科學(xué)者們的注意,對(duì)作為抽象意義上的基督教文化和思想進(jìn)行了深而系統(tǒng)的研究。但這些研究本身多數(shù)缺少第一手的田野調(diào)查材料,故而缺乏實(shí)證性。另外,國(guó)內(nèi)人類(lèi)學(xué)者對(duì)基督教研究正在起步階段,而針對(duì)農(nóng)村婦女信徒這一群體的相關(guān)研究較少。綜觀國(guó)內(nèi)宗教社會(huì)學(xué)研究的現(xiàn)狀不難發(fā)現(xiàn),目前的研究主要多為純理論研究及對(duì)策性研究,難免流于宏觀化、形式化。另一方面,已有的研究成果,大多是從總體上對(duì)基督教信仰進(jìn)行探討研究,缺乏問(wèn)題意識(shí),結(jié)論往往雷同。但是,地方上的文化現(xiàn)象必須從“地方性知識(shí)”獲得解答�？梢悦鞔_的是,不同地方的基督教會(huì)的傳播不僅受到全國(guó)性的外部環(huán)境與時(shí)代背景的影響,它還受到所在地方的小的社會(huì)文化背景的影響。因此,要對(duì)基督教進(jìn)行深入的研究,就必須進(jìn)一步考察在小的社會(huì)文化背景下的影響,把基督教的發(fā)展納入到區(qū)域社會(huì)文化中加以解釋。本文開(kāi)題的主要意義就在于,通過(guò)人類(lèi)學(xué)的獨(dú)特視角,運(yùn)用人類(lèi)學(xué)的研究方法,在獨(dú)特的中原區(qū)域文化背景下做關(guān)于婦女信仰基督教問(wèn)題的研究,希望能夠給國(guó)內(nèi)文化人類(lèi)學(xué)相關(guān)研究注入女性研究的視角,使其進(jìn)入一個(gè)更為全面、廣闊的研究空間。作為一項(xiàng)專題研究,關(guān)注更多的是油坊莊的獨(dú)特社會(huì)文化,觀察婦女“信徒”的“信仰”儀式,特別是“地方性知識(shí)”主導(dǎo)的本土化基督教話語(yǔ)；解釋“信仰”的符號(hào)意義,思考她們?cè)诰唧w參與基督教活動(dòng)中扮演的角色及“信仰”動(dòng)機(jī)。具體而言本文主要從以下幾個(gè)方面來(lái)論述： 第一章首先介紹了油坊莊婦女信仰生活的大背景,考察了田野所在地點(diǎn)的區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)和文化的概況,在此基礎(chǔ)上了解她們的基本衣食住行和精神生活情況。 第二章描述了油坊莊婦女“信徒”在周寨教會(huì)做禮拜的整個(gè)“儀式”過(guò)程。 第三章個(gè)案考察了婦女“信徒”如何信仰這種本土化的鄉(xiāng)村基督教,即參與觀察她們具體“信仰”儀式,細(xì)致描述了油坊莊婦女“信徒”參與基督教前后的一系列生活內(nèi)心感受,分析她們“信主”的真實(shí)角色。 第四章探析婦女“信眾”真實(shí)的“信仰”動(dòng)機(jī),即所謂的是“上帝的召喚”的信仰,還是“心靈的驅(qū)使”的信仰,得出的我國(guó)農(nóng)村民間信仰本身的動(dòng)機(jī)的結(jié)論基于馬克斯·韋伯曾指出的那樣：中國(guó)人沒(méi)有信仰,因?yàn)槠鋭?dòng)機(jī)是實(shí)用主義的,世俗化的。基于此種動(dòng)機(jī)上的“信仰”便是一種虛空的存在,于是出現(xiàn)了類(lèi)似“信得不真”的“主混子”信仰角色等。 當(dāng)今世界正向著文化多元化、經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化邁進(jìn),社會(huì)倡導(dǎo)民主、自由、開(kāi)放。新時(shí)代要求具有更高素質(zhì)的女性,婦女群體將是推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步的一股重要力量。最后從鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)中信仰與社會(huì)、政治、文化的關(guān)聯(lián),特別討論作為外來(lái)信仰的基督教與鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)的精神文化的關(guān)系,及由此帶給我們的相關(guān)思考。 本文是以豫東的一個(gè)自然村——油坊莊為個(gè)案,圍繞6名婦女基督教“信徒”的生活變遷和宗教“儀式”及“信仰”動(dòng)機(jī)來(lái)展開(kāi)的田野調(diào)查研究。特別指出的是,由于當(dāng)?shù)剞r(nóng)村“信仰”基督教的“信徒”多為女性群體,本文并沒(méi)有將鄉(xiāng)村婦女作為農(nóng)村基層人群中特殊群體來(lái)進(jìn)行考察分析。宗教信仰本身,是一種社會(huì)心理,它反映特定的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)；它一般需要特定人群的支撐,因此一種信仰往往不是個(gè)人的,而是社會(huì)性的。此項(xiàng)田野研究,直接來(lái)源于筆者2009年先后兩次前往該村莊,共近40天的參與觀察與深入訪談。通過(guò)此文的描述,希望能夠提供的是筆者對(duì)我國(guó)轉(zhuǎn)型期的中原鄉(xiāng)村婦女精神文化生活及其形態(tài)的理解。也許,這種理解是不全面、不完整的,甚至帶有主觀偏見(jiàn)的,但它卻是在新時(shí)期背景下,筆者對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村婦女處于傳統(tǒng)與現(xiàn)代化之間、宗教切入與本土化之間“掙扎”與“救贖”等諸多問(wèn)題思考的一個(gè)真實(shí)反映,由此帶來(lái)的對(duì)我國(guó)鄉(xiāng)村社區(qū)公共精神文化建設(shè)中需要注意的問(wèn)題的反思,尤其對(duì)鄉(xiāng)村婦女信仰問(wèn)題不可忽視。
[Abstract]:The Christian faith is very popular in the rural masses in our country, especially the rural women believers majority, to become the Chinese rural churches a noticeable effective strength. Since the reform and opening up, especially since 1980, with Chinese, Christian religious gradually expand the scale of the research on the topic of Christianity has gradually become the focus in many subjects the scholars from literature, religion, sociology, history, political and other disciplines to examine it. As the dimension problem of boom off of the Christian localization, secularization of Christianity has also attracted the attention of scholars from various disciplines, as the abstract sense of Christian culture and the thought of study on the deep system. But the research itself most lack of first-hand field research materials, there is a lack of empirical. In addition, the domestic scholars of human The study of Christianity is the initial stage, and the related studies on rural women believers of this group is less. The domestic present situation of the study of religion and society is not difficult to find, the present research mainly for pure theory research and countermeasure research, it is bound to be macroscopic, formal. On the other hand, the existing research results, most is to study the Christian faith as a whole, the lack of awareness of the problem, the conclusion is often similar. However, the local cultural phenomenon must be answered from the "local knowledge". It is clear that the spread of different parts of the Christian Church is not only influenced by the national and external environment and the background of the times, it also affected by the local social and cultural background. Therefore, to conduct in-depth research on Christianity, must be further investigated in the small social and cultural context, the Christian The development into regional social culture to explain. The main significance of this topic lies in, through the unique perspective of anthropology, using the research methods of anthropology, do research on women's Christian issues in the Central Plains region unique cultural background, I hope to give domestic research into women from the perspective of cultural anthropology, the it into a more comprehensive and broad research space. As a special study, paid more attention to the unique social and cultural YOUFANGZHUANG, observation of women "believers" "belief" ceremony, especially the "localization of Christian discourse local knowledge led; symbolic meaning interpretation of" faith ", thinking they play in the specific roles and activities involved in Christian belief motivation. Specifically this paper mainly discusses the following aspects:
The first chapter introduces the background of YOUFANGZHUANG women's religious life, examines the regional economic field location, situation of society and culture, based on the basic understanding of their basic necessities of life and spiritual life.
The second chapter describes the YOUFANGZHUANG women "believers" in Zhou Zhai Church of the "ceremony" process.
The third chapter examines the case of women "believers" to believe this localization in Rural Christianity, observing their specific "faith" ceremony, a detailed description of YOUFANGZHUANG women "believers" in Christianity before and after a series of life feelings, analyzing the real role they "believe in the Lord."
The fourth chapter of women "believers" real "faith" motivation, the so-called "God's call" faith, "soul driven" or belief, that China's rural folk belief itself the motivation of Max Webb pointed out that based on the conclusion: the Chinese people have no faith, because of its motivation pragmatism, secularization. The motivation of "faith" is a kind of based on the existence of a void, so there is a similar "letter is not really the master playing role of faith."
In today's world is the cultural diversity, economic globalization towards social democratic, free, open a new era. With more high-quality women, women will be an important force to promote social progress. Finally, from rural communities of faith and social, political, and cultural relevance, especially discusses the relationship between Christianity and rural communities as exotic beliefs of the spiritual culture, and thus to bring our thinking.
鏈枃鏄互璞笢鐨勪竴涓嚜鐒舵潙鈥斺，

本文編號(hào)：1580050