本文選題：認知控制 + 沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性�。� 參考：《江西師范大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在一致性任務中,被試在前一試次中經(jīng)歷沖突后會使其在當前試次中更好地解決沖突,這一現(xiàn)象稱為沖突適應效應。日常生活中人們總是希望一種沖突環(huán)境中習得的沖突適應可以在各種沖突環(huán)境中起作用。那么沖突適應到底是領(lǐng)域一般的還是特殊的?近年來有關(guān)沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性研究也不少,但是這些研究都局限在相對中性的刺激(字母、數(shù)字、顏色、箭頭等),對應的實驗任務與被試在實驗室之外的需要和動機沒有直接聯(lián)系。這些任務可能低估了控制調(diào)節(jié)的能力。有研究表明任務的社會重要性(與被試的需要、動機相聯(lián)系)可能會調(diào)節(jié)沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性。這給沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性研究提供了一個新方向——引入社會因素來探討沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性。為此本研究設計了兩個實驗并結(jié)合事件相關(guān)電位(ERP)探討沖突適應在認知任務和社會任務中的領(lǐng)域性。以往研究表明任務轉(zhuǎn)換產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)換消耗會對沖突適應產(chǎn)生干擾,為此本研究采用了刺激轉(zhuǎn)換范式和整合交叉范式;此外實驗材料采用多水平的刺激集以排除特征整合和聯(lián)結(jié)學習的干擾。實驗一采用面孔-詞認知Stroop任務與刻板Stroop任務結(jié)合的刺激轉(zhuǎn)換設計,結(jié)果表明從認知Stroop任務到刻板Stroop任務,中前區(qū)SP波幅表現(xiàn)出顯著的沖突適應效應;而從刻板Stroop任務到認知Stroop任務只在正確率上表現(xiàn)出沖突適應效應,SP波幅上卻沒有。這暗示沖突適應具有領(lǐng)域一般性。然而,實驗一采用的Stroop任務和刻板Stroop任務的沖突類型實質(zhì)上是相同的(沖突都源于相關(guān)刺激維度和無關(guān)刺激維度),認知Stroop任務和刻板Stroop任務產(chǎn)生的沖突適應嚴格意義上并不算是領(lǐng)域間的。為此實驗二引入兩種完全不同的沖突類型,采用Simon與性別刻板啟動目標范式結(jié)合的整合交叉設計(Simon沖突來源于相關(guān)反應維度和無關(guān)刺激維度,啟動-目標沖突來源于相關(guān)刺激維度和無關(guān)刺激維度)。實驗二結(jié)果表明Simon任務內(nèi),被試在反應時、正確率、頂枕區(qū)N450、額頂區(qū)SP和中前區(qū)SP波幅上均表現(xiàn)出經(jīng)典的沖突適應效應;刻板印象任務內(nèi),頂枕區(qū)N450和中前區(qū)SP波幅均表現(xiàn)出顯著的沖突適應效應;從Simon任務到刻板印象,頂枕區(qū)N450和中前區(qū)SP波幅均表現(xiàn)出顯著的沖突適應效應;而從刻板印象到Simon任務,頂枕區(qū)N450和中前區(qū)SP波幅均未表現(xiàn)出顯著的沖突適應效應。最終得出如下結(jié)論:1、從認知任務到刻板印象任務,沖突適應具有領(lǐng)域一般性。2、從刻板印象任務到認知任務,沖突適應具有領(lǐng)域特殊性。3、任務的社會重要性可能會調(diào)節(jié)沖突適應的領(lǐng)域性,并且具有方向性——調(diào)節(jié)作用只限于從認知任務到刻板任務的領(lǐng)域性。4、認知控制在刻板印象的表達中有重要的調(diào)節(jié)作用。
[Abstract]:In the consistency task, the conflict will be resolved better after the participants experience the conflict in the previous trial. This phenomenon is called conflict adaptation effect. In daily life, people always hope that a conflict adaptation acquired in a conflict environment can play a role in various conflict environments. So is conflict adaptation domain general or special? In recent years, there has been a lot of research on conflict adaptation, but these studies have been limited to relatively neutral stimuli (letters, numbers, colors, etc.) The corresponding task is not directly related to the needs and motivation of the subjects outside the laboratory. These tasks may underestimate the ability to control regulation. Studies have shown that the social importance of tasks (associated with subjects' needs and motivations) may regulate the domain of conflict adaptation. This provides a new direction for the domain study of conflict adaptation-introducing social factors to explore the domain of conflict adaptation. Two experiments were designed to explore the domain of conflict adaptation in cognitive and social tasks. Previous studies have shown that the switching consumption caused by task switching will interfere with conflict adaptation. Therefore, this study adopts stimulus shift paradigm and integrated cross-paradigm. In addition, multi-level stimuli were used to eliminate the interference of feature integration and associative learning. In experiment 1, the stimuli conversion design of face word cognitive Stroop task and stereotyped Stroop task was adopted. The results showed that SP amplitude in the middle anterior region showed significant conflict adaptation effect from cognitive Stroop task to stereotyped Stroop task. However, from stereotyped Stroop tasks to cognitive Stroop tasks, there is only a conflict adaptation effect in the accuracy of the tasks and there is no SP amplitude. This implies that conflict adaptation has a domain of generality. However, In experiment one, the conflict types of Stroop tasks and stereotyped Stroop tasks are essentially the same (the conflicts are derived from the relevant stimulus dimensions and unrelated stimuli dimensions, and the conflicts generated by cognitive Stroop tasks and stereotyped Stroop tasks are strictly adaptable in the sense of adaptability). It's not a domain. In experiment 2, two completely different types of conflict were introduced. The integrated cross-design of Simon and gender stereotyped initiation goal paradigm was derived from the relevant response dimension and irrelevant stimulus dimension. The priming-goal conflict originates from the related stimulus dimension and irrelevant stimulus dimension. The results of experiment 2 showed that in Simon task, the correct rate of reaction time, parietal occipital area N450, frontal parietal SP and middle anterior SP showed classic conflict adaptation effect, and in stereotype task, The amplitudes of N450 and SP in the parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effect, from the Simon task to the stereotype, from the parietal occipital area to the stereotype, and from the stereotype to the Simon task, the amplitudes of N450 and SP wave in the parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effects. Neither N450 nor SP amplitude in parietal occipital area showed significant conflict adaptation effect. Finally, we draw the following conclusion: 1, from cognitive task to stereotype task, conflict adaptation has domain generality, from stereotype task to cognitive task, Conflict adaptation is domain-specific. 3. The social importance of the task may regulate the domainness of conflict adaptation. And the directional-regulatory effect is limited to the domain from cognitive task to stereotype task. Cognitive control plays an important role in the expression of stereotype.
【學位授予單位】：江西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：B842

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本文編號：1978201