本文關(guān)鍵詞： 視覺工作記憶 后注意線索 注意 內(nèi)源性注意 事件相關(guān)電位　出處：《福建師范大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：視覺工作記憶的容量有限,因而利用內(nèi)外部注意線索來保持與任務(wù)相關(guān)的信息,有助于提高記憶成績。大量研究表明先于記憶項呈現(xiàn)的前注意線索有利于提高視覺工作記憶表現(xiàn),然而,近來研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在記憶項消失后,但又先于記憶檢測之前所呈現(xiàn)的后注意線索也能起到相同的作用。這種后注意線索在提高視覺工作記憶表現(xiàn)上的作用被稱為“后線索效益”。 已有研究提出“后線索效益”的產(chǎn)生是基于后注意線索能使注意線索所指示的項目的記憶更穩(wěn)固,免于受同時存儲在視覺工作記憶中的刺激或其他隨后出現(xiàn)的新刺激的干擾或覆蓋,但到目前為止對后注意線索認知加工機制的解釋仍未清晰�；谝酝难芯�,我們認為“后線索效益”產(chǎn)生的更深層次的內(nèi)在加工機制是由于后注意線索能調(diào)節(jié)視覺工作記憶存儲負荷,只保持與任務(wù)相關(guān)的信息的記憶。此外,已有研究所證實的“后線索效益”是基于空間性質(zhì)的后注意線索,對于非空間性質(zhì)的后注意線索是否也能起到相同的作用以及相應(yīng)的加工機制都有待進一步的探討。 為了驗證上述觀點,本研究采用ERP技術(shù)和“連續(xù)報告任務(wù)”范式,通過空間后注意線索和顏色后注意線索的設(shè)置,分析了CDA成分在后注意線索前后的變化,以探討“后線索效益”產(chǎn)生的認知加工機制。CDA幅值反映了視覺工作記憶負荷的大小,按照之前假設(shè),記憶項目呈現(xiàn)后,即后注意線索呈現(xiàn)前,應(yīng)會出現(xiàn)明顯的CDA,表明此時被試承受著較大的工作記憶負荷,但在后注意線索呈現(xiàn)后,CDA幅值應(yīng)有明顯的降低,表明后注意線索促使被試只保持著與任務(wù)相關(guān)信息的記憶,從而降低了視覺工作記憶存儲負荷。結(jié)果表明,在行為上,空間后注意線索和顏色后注意線索條件下的記憶成績均顯著優(yōu)于無注意線索條件,在ERP上,后注意線索呈現(xiàn)前,出現(xiàn)了明顯的CDA,此時被試具有較大的工作記憶負荷,但后注意線索呈現(xiàn)后,CDA幅值有顯著的下降,記憶負荷降低。由于CDA反映著記憶負載的大小,為使前述的后注意線索加工機制更具說服力,研究中還增加了一個重要的設(shè)置：高低記憶負載條件(3個客體vs4個客體),結(jié)果表明由于后注意線索的調(diào)節(jié)作用,不同記憶負載條件下的CDA幅值趨近一致,進一步說明了后注意線索能發(fā)揮調(diào)節(jié)視覺工作記憶負荷的作用,促使被試只保持與任務(wù)相關(guān)信息的記憶,進而提高記憶表現(xiàn)。 綜上所述,在記憶保持期間呈現(xiàn)的后注意線索能調(diào)節(jié)視覺工作記憶存儲負荷,只保持與任務(wù)相關(guān)信息的記憶,進而提高視覺工作記憶表現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生“后線索效益”。
[Abstract]:Visual working memory is limited, so it uses internal and external attention cues to keep task-related information. A large number of studies have shown that pre-attention cues prior to memory items can improve visual working memory performance. However, recent studies have found that after memory items disappear, However, the post-attention cues presented before the memory test can also play the same role. The function of the post-attention cues in improving the performance of visual working memory is called "post-clue benefit". Previous studies have suggested that "post-cue-benefit" is based on the ability of post-attention cues to make the memory of the items indicated by the attention-cues more stable. Free from interference or overlay by stimuli stored simultaneously in visual working memory or other subsequent stimuli, the explanation of the cognitive processing mechanism of post-attention cues remains unclear, based on previous studies. We think that the deeper intrinsic processing mechanism of "post-clue benefit" is that post-attention cues can regulate the storage load of visual working memory and only keep the memory of task-related information. The "post-clue benefit", which has been confirmed by some researches, is based on the spatial attention cues. Whether the non-spatial attention clues can also play the same role and the corresponding processing mechanism need to be further discussed. In order to verify the above views, the ERP technique and the "continuous reporting task" paradigm were used to analyze the changes of CDA components before and after the post-attention cues through the setting of the spatial attention cues and the color post-attention cues. In order to explore the cognitive processing mechanism of "post-clue benefit", the amplitude of CDA reflected the size of visual working memory load. There should be obvious CDA, indicating that at this time the subjects bear a large workload of working memory, but the amplitude of CDA should be significantly reduced after the post-attention cues are presented, indicating that the post-attention cues promote the subjects to keep only the memory of task-related information. As a result, the memory load of visual working memory was reduced. The results showed that the memory scores of spatial attention cues and color post-attention cues were significantly better than those without attention cues on ERP. At this time, the subjects had a large working memory load, but the amplitude of CDA decreased significantly and the memory load decreased after the attention clue presented. Because CDA reflected the size of the memory load, there was no significant difference between the two groups. In order to make the mechanism of post-attention cues more persuasive, an important setting has been added in the study: high and low memory load conditions (three object vs4 objects). The results show that due to the regulation of post-attention cues, The CDA amplitudes of different memory loads converge, which further shows that attention cues can play a role in regulating the visual working memory load, so that the subjects can only keep the memory of task-related information and improve their memory performance. To sum up, the post-attention clues presented during memory retention can adjust the storage load of visual working memory, only keep the memory of task-related information, and then improve the performance of visual working memory and produce "post-clue benefit".
【學位授予單位】：福建師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：B842.3

【參考文獻】

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本文編號：1519629