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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：回想和熟悉性編碼與提取機(jī)制的研究　出處：《福建師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 回想 熟悉性 迫選再認(rèn)范式 DM效應(yīng)

【摘要】：回想和熟悉性的關(guān)系一直是認(rèn)知心理學(xué)研究的熱點(diǎn)�；叵胫冈僬J(rèn)測(cè)驗(yàn)中被試表現(xiàn)為“記得”的項(xiàng)目,它是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過的項(xiàng)目的一些特定信息的提�。憾僬J(rèn)測(cè)驗(yàn)中表現(xiàn)為“知道”項(xiàng)目則反映為熟悉性,它是對(duì)學(xué)習(xí)過的項(xiàng)目和測(cè)驗(yàn)的項(xiàng)目整體相似性進(jìn)行評(píng)估,是在缺乏來源信息的條件下產(chǎn)生的似曾相識(shí)感覺(Yonelinas,2002)。目前,回想和熟悉性的分離還存在著爭(zhēng)議,但爭(zhēng)議的主要焦點(diǎn)在于研究二者關(guān)系時(shí)沒有排除內(nèi)隱記憶對(duì)它們的影響。其次,以往的研究者更多是集中在提取階段研究回想和熟悉性ERPs勺關(guān)系,從編碼階段探究二者關(guān)系的研究偏少,同樣從編碼和提取的關(guān)系去探討二者成分的研究也很少。因此,本文中利用ERP技術(shù),在去除內(nèi)隱記憶對(duì)回想和熟悉性的影響后,再進(jìn)一步探討二者的編碼與提取的加工機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)一采用DM范式和迫選再認(rèn)范式并結(jié)合圖詞轉(zhuǎn)化設(shè)計(jì)從而排除內(nèi)隱記憶對(duì)回想和熟悉性的干擾。根據(jù)被試的隨后測(cè)試反饋,把學(xué)習(xí)階段有效地分成三種類別：選擇舊詞并表明自信度為記住的項(xiàng)目(回想),選擇舊詞并表明自信度為知道的項(xiàng)目(熟悉性),迫于任務(wù)要求而選擇詞并表明自信度為猜測(cè)的項(xiàng)目(忘記)。結(jié)果表明在提取階段是有發(fā)現(xiàn)回想和熟悉性不同的神經(jīng)生理差異,二者在ERP上是分離的。編碼階段也發(fā)現(xiàn)了回想和熟悉性的分離�；叵氲腄M效應(yīng)是表現(xiàn)在激活腦區(qū)的ERP正走向：500-700ms的前額區(qū)與300-700ms額區(qū)、300-700ms的中央?yún)^(qū)、200-400ms的頂區(qū)以及200-700ms的顳區(qū)；熟悉性的DM效應(yīng)則是主要表現(xiàn)在200-300ms的中央?yún)^(qū)交互效應(yīng)和200-300ms、500-700ms的顳區(qū)的正走向。實(shí)驗(yàn)證明了回想與熟悉性是兩種不同的加工過程,二者在均保持自己獨(dú)立的神經(jīng)生理特性。實(shí)驗(yàn)二則在DM范式和迫選再認(rèn)范式下,利用圖片刺激去研究回想和熟悉性的關(guān)系。同樣根據(jù)被試的隨后測(cè)試反饋,把學(xué)習(xí)階段有效地分成三種類型：回想、熟悉性和忘記。研究結(jié)果表明,在提取階段得到了回想后期大范圍的ERP激活,熟悉性則主要表現(xiàn)在額區(qū)的激活。在編碼階段同樣也得到了回想和熟悉性DM差異�；叵氲腄M效應(yīng)是表現(xiàn)在大范圍的后期時(shí)段的ERP正走向：300-1000ms的前額區(qū)與額區(qū)、500～1000ms的中央?yún)^(qū)以及600～1000ms的顳區(qū)；熟悉性的DM效應(yīng)則是主要表現(xiàn)在500-700ms的中央?yún)^(qū)ERP正走向和400-500ms頂區(qū)的交互作用。實(shí)驗(yàn)二的結(jié)果表明回想和熟悉性保持各自的神經(jīng)生理機(jī)制。從編碼和提取的關(guān)系對(duì)回想和熟悉性進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)回想的編碼和提取存在著對(duì)稱性關(guān)系,而熟悉性的編碼與提取存在著非對(duì)稱關(guān)系。這表明回想和熟悉性不是量的差異,而是質(zhì)的區(qū)別,二者是相互獨(dú)立的加工過程。
[Abstract]:The relationship between recollection and familiarity has always been a hot spot in cognitive psychology. Recall that in the recognition test subjects to "remember", it is to extract some specific information on learning projects: the recognition test is in the form of "know" project reflects the familiar, it is similar in overall evaluation of the items and test items that is in the lack of source of information under the condition of deja vu (Yonelinas, 2002). At present, there are still controversies on the separation of recall and familiarity, but the main focus of the dispute is that the study of the relationship between the two does not exclude the effect of implicit memory on them. Secondly, most of the previous researchers focused on the relationship between recall and familiarity ERPs spoon in the extraction stage. From the coding stage, the research on the relationship between the two was relatively limited. From the relationship between coding and extraction, there were few studies on the two components. Therefore, in this paper, using ERP technology, after removing the influence of implicit memory on recall and familiarity, this paper further explores the processing mechanism of the encoding and extraction of the two. In Experiment 1, the DM paradigm and the forced selection paradigm were used in conjunction with the transformation design to eliminate the interference of implicit memory to recall and familiarity. Then according to the feedback test subjects, the learning phase is effectively divided into three categories: the old words and show confidence to remember the project (in retrospect), select the old words and show confidence to know the project (familiar), forced the task requirements and choice of words and show that confidence for the project (guess Wang Ji). The results showed that in the extraction stage, there were different neurophysiological differences in the discovery of recall and familiarity, and the two were separated on ERP. The coding phase also found the separation of recall and familiarity. Recall that DM effect is reflected in the brain activation of ERP is to: 500-700ms 300-700ms and 300-700ms frontal frontal area, central area, 200-400ms area and 200-700ms top temporal region; familiar with the DM effect is mainly manifested in the central region is moving toward the interaction effect and 200-300ms, 200-300ms 500-700ms of the temporal region. The experiment proved that recall and familiarity were two different processing processes, and the two had their own independent neurophysiological characteristics. In experiment two, the relationship between recall and familiarity was studied by using picture stimulation under the DM paradigm and the forced election recognition paradigm. According to the subsequent test feedback, the learning stage is effectively divided into three types: recall, familiarity and forgetting. The results showed that ERP activation at the late stage of recall was obtained in the stage of extraction, and the familiarity was mainly expressed in the activation of the frontal area. There is also the DM difference between the recall and the familiarity in the coding phase. The DM effect is back in the late session in a large range of ERP is to: the forehead area and the frontal area, 300-1000ms 500 ~ 1000ms and 600 ~ 1000ms central temporal region; familiar with the DM effect is mainly manifested in the interaction of 500-700ms and 400-500ms ERP are central to the top of the district. The results of experiment two showed that both recollection and familiarity maintained their respective neurophysiological mechanisms. From the relationship between encoding and extraction, we can see that there is symmetry between recall and recognition, and there is asymmetric relationship between encoding and extraction. This shows that recall and familiarity are not the difference in quantity, but the difference in quality. The two are the independent process of each other.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：B842.3

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本文編號(hào)：1346350