“理論之于法律的教條,猶如建筑師之于建房的工匠,乃其最重要的一部分�！泵绹鴳椪w制是西方政治哲學的發(fā)展和社會進步的產(chǎn)物,其中所體現(xiàn)出的各種理論思想是具有歷史淵源的。約翰·洛克的政治理論承繼了西方哲學長期以來的發(fā)展,尤其是自然法理論,結合時代特征使之與“自然權利說”及“社會契約論”聯(lián)系起來,構建了他的政治理論。 在《政府論》中,洛克對自己的政治理論和觀點做出了詳盡的闡述,使西方憲政思想得到了進一步的發(fā)展。美國憲政的發(fā)展始于英國在北美的殖民時期。殖民地政府仿效英國憲政體制在北美的土地上逐漸形成了美國式的憲政。本文首先分析了當時美國社會發(fā)展的情況和需要,這對美國憲政體制的形成有很大的推動作用。接下來介紹洛克的政治理論并與霍布斯和盧梭的理論作對比,得出洛克理論的獨特性,說明其迎合了美國的需要。美國憲政生成的重要理論基礎可以歸納為人民主權和限權政府兩個方面,分別構成了憲政產(chǎn)生的原因、目的以及保障手段。在這兩方面,洛克的政治理論都做出了巨大的貢獻。洛克以保護個人權利—特別是財產(chǎn)權—為出發(fā)點,使自然權利與自然法理論和社會契約論相結合,論證了個人權利的神圣性和優(yōu)先性,政府只是保障個人權利得以實現(xiàn)的工具... 

【文章頁數(shù)】：67 頁

【學位級別】：碩士

【文章目錄】：
Chapter 1 Introduction
    1.1 Purpose and the scope of the thesis
    1.2 Methodology of the study
Chapter 2 Literature Review
    2.1 Literature review
        2.1.1 The development of the idea of constitutionalism from ancient Greece and Rome to the early modern period
        2.1.2 Arguments of some scholars studying on the influence of John Locke’ theory on the American constitutional system
    2.2 Some basic concepts
        2.2.1 Constitutionalism
        2.2.2 Natural law
        2.2.3 Social contract theory
        2.2.4 Popular sovereignty
        2.2.5 The separation of powers
Chapter 3 Social Context and the Formation of the America Constitutionalism
    3.1 The idea of social contract embodied in the beginning of the colonial America
    3.2 The development of the colonial constitution
    3.3 The tradition of the pursuit of liberty in America
    3.4 Contributions made by the economic development of American society to the building of the constitutional system
Chapter 4 John Locke’s Theories and the Comparison between His Theories with that of Hobbes and Rousseau
    4.1 A brief introduction to John Locke’s background and some of his writings
    4.2 Human understanding as the precondition to politics
    4.3 Locke’s political theory
        4.3.1 The state of nature
        4.3.2 Locke’s views on government
    4.4 Comparative study of Locke’s political theory with that of Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau
        4.4.1 The comparison on political theory between Hobbes and Locke
        4.4.2 The comparison on political theory between Rousseau and Locke
Chapter 5 The Embodiment of Locke’s political theory in the American constitutional system
    5.1 The idea of popular sovereignty
    5.2 The influence of Locke’s popular sovereignty theory on the American constitutionalism
    5.3 The idea of the limitation of governmental powers and its influence on the American constitutionalism
Chapter 6 Conclusion
Bibliography



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