發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-15 16:45

【摘要】： 越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是美國(guó)歷史上最久的一場(chǎng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),它歷經(jīng)美國(guó)三任總統(tǒng),肯尼迪、約翰遜和尼克松。也是美國(guó)歷史上的一場(chǎng)大悲劇,他給美國(guó)的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、社會(huì)、和心理帶來(lái)了深刻的危機(jī)。尼克松入主白宮之時(shí),美國(guó)正面臨著越戰(zhàn)進(jìn)退兩難的困境:進(jìn)——短期內(nèi)不能取勝;退—美國(guó)又不能簡(jiǎn)單的一走了之,猶如“骨鯁在喉”。面對(duì)這種局面,尼克松政府確立了越戰(zhàn)的總目標(biāo)為“體面地結(jié)束越南戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)”“體面的和平”“光榮撤軍”㖞。為此美國(guó)采取了“雙軌”政策,即“越南化”計(jì)劃和巴黎和談。一方面,通過(guò)“越南化”計(jì)劃建立一支能代替美軍作戰(zhàn)的“當(dāng)?shù)夭筷?duì)”,美軍逐漸從戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)抽身并撤離這個(gè)國(guó)家。另一方面,企圖通過(guò)巴黎公開(kāi)的和秘密的談判,實(shí)現(xiàn)美國(guó)和越南民主共和國(guó)從越南南方“共同撤軍”,保住南越阮文紹政權(quán)。為了“越南化”計(jì)劃的順利實(shí)施,尼克松政府不惜采取擴(kuò)大戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和升級(jí)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的策略;為了巴黎和談能夠取得成功,尼克松政府曾制定對(duì)河內(nèi)進(jìn)行核打擊的計(jì)劃,并進(jìn)行秘密核警報(bào)。這些用武力以及用武力威脅的策略都沒(méi)能逼河內(nèi)就范,尼克松轉(zhuǎn)而對(duì)美國(guó)的外交政策進(jìn)行調(diào)整,實(shí)現(xiàn)了中美和解和美蘇緩和。孤立河內(nèi)的策略產(chǎn)生了作用,巴黎和談終于取得成功,美國(guó)撤出在越南的全部軍隊(duì),結(jié)束了歷史上長(zhǎng)達(dá)12年之久的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。
[Abstract]:The Vietnam War is the longest war in American history. It has gone through three presidents, Kennedy, Johnson and Nixon. It is also a great tragedy in American history. Faced with this situation, the Nixon administration established the overall goal of the Vietnam War as "a decent end to the Vietnam War", "a decent peace", "a glorious withdrawal"? "The United States adopted a"two-track"policy, that is,"Vietnamization"plan. Peace talks with Paris. On the one hand, through the "Vietnamization" program to establish a "local force" to replace the U.S. military operations, the U.S. military gradually withdraws from the battlefield and withdraws from the country. On the other hand, through open and secret negotiations in Paris, the United States and the Vietnamese Democratic Republic of Vietnam "jointly withdraw" from southern Vietnam to preserve South Vietnam. Nguyen Wenshao's regime. For the successful implementation of the Vietnamization plan, the Nixon administration spared no effort in expanding and escalating the war; for the success of the Paris peace talks, the Nixon administration made plans for a nuclear strike on Hanoi and carried out secret nuclear warnings. None of these tactics of using force or threatening by force was able to do so. The strategy of isolating Hanoi worked. The Paris peace talks finally succeeded. The United States withdrew all its troops from Vietnam, ending a 12-year war in history.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712.54;D871.2

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