本文選題：日本政府　切入點(diǎn)：盟軍總部　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 日本戰(zhàn)敗后,在美國的干預(yù)和主導(dǎo)下,并沒有象其他戰(zhàn)敗的法西斯國家那樣受到嚴(yán)厲的制裁。在國體方面,并沒有將日本的國家元首制度——主權(quán)天皇制徹底廢除,而是將戰(zhàn)前的主權(quán)天皇制變?yōu)閼?zhàn)后的象征天皇制。這一前一后變化的國體標(biāo)志著天皇從神圣變?yōu)橄笳?戰(zhàn)后天皇制的權(quán)力范圍和財(cái)政地位都明顯地失去了戰(zhàn)前天皇所擁有的范圍和地位。當(dāng)然象征天皇制的確立不是一朝一夕就能完成的,在其確立的過程中,經(jīng)歷了美國的政治意圖與日本政府智囊之間的沖突和日本方面的巧妙應(yīng)對。首先在是否保留天皇制的問題上,大多數(shù)參與國際審判的戰(zhàn)勝國主張予以廢除,而美國國內(nèi)以格魯為首的親日派頂住壓力,頑強(qiáng)地宣傳保留天皇制的好處,最終戰(zhàn)勝了親華派,將天皇制保留了下來。不過,主張變戰(zhàn)前的神格天皇為人格天皇、象征天皇。雖然日本和美國一樣,也同意確立象征天皇制,但是日本政府對象征天皇制的理解還停留在主權(quán)天皇制的層次上,盟軍總部又通過頒布自由指令、開除公職、廢除神道神權(quán)、取消皇室財(cái)產(chǎn)等措施解除了天皇的權(quán)力來源與經(jīng)濟(jì)基礎(chǔ)。日本政府在細(xì)細(xì)體察盟軍司令部的意圖后,明確表示愿意接受美國提出的保留象征天皇制的主張。并在智囊們的策劃下,昭和天皇發(fā)布了“人間宣言”和采取了令全國民眾感激涕零的巡幸舉措。為了將象征天皇制從法律上確立下來,盟總敦促日本政府修改憲法,因日本政府制定的修憲草案過于保守,與盟總要求的相去甚遠(yuǎn),盟總遂自己制定了憲法草案,強(qiáng)迫日本政府接受。就這樣,《日本國憲法》在經(jīng)過了幾次修改之后最終出臺。《日本國憲法》的出臺標(biāo)志著日本象征天皇制已經(jīng)在法律上被確立下來。當(dāng)然這一國體的固定化與深入人心經(jīng)過了其后幾十年的時(shí)間。
[Abstract]:After Japan lost the war, under the intervention and leadership of the United States, it was not subject to the same severe sanctions as other defeated fascist countries. In terms of national system, it did not completely abolish Japan's head of state system, the sovereign emperor system. Instead, it transformed the pre-war sovereign monarchy into the postwar symbol of the emperor, a changing state that marked the emperor's transformation from sacredness to symbolism. The scope of power and financial status of the postwar imperial system obviously lost the scope and status of the pre-war emperor. Of course, symbolizing the establishment of the imperial system could not be completed overnight, and in the course of its establishment, Experienced a conflict between the political intentions of the United States and the Japanese government think-tank and a clever response on the part of Japan. First of all, on the question of whether to retain the imperial system, most of the victorious nations participating in international trials advocated its abolition. The pro-Japanese faction in the United States, headed by Grou, withstood the pressure and tenaciously propagated the benefits of retaining the imperial system, and finally defeated the pro-China faction and preserved the imperial system. However, it advocated changing the pre-war divine emperor to the personality emperor. Symbolizing the emperor. Although Japan, like the United States, agreed to establish a system of symbolism, the Japanese government's understanding of the symbolism of the emperor remained at the level of sovereign monarchy, and the Allied headquarters expelled from public office by issuing a free order. Measures such as the abolition of theocracy, the abolition of royal property, and other measures have removed the source of power and economic base of the emperor. After carefully examining the intentions of the Allied Command, the Japanese government has taken a closer look at the intentions of the Allied Command. He made it clear that he was willing to accept the United States' proposal to retain the symbol of the imperial system, and that it was planned by the think-tanks, Emperor Showa issued the "Manifesto on Earth" and took a visit that made the whole country feel grateful. In order to establish the symbolism of the emperor in law, the general assembly of the League urged the Japanese government to amend its constitution. Because the draft constitutional amendment made by the Japanese government was too conservative and far from the requirements of the general assembly of the union, the general director of the league made his own draft constitution. Force the Japanese government to accept. In this way, the Constitution of Japan was finally issued after several amendments. The introduction of the Constitution of Japan marks that Japan's symbol of the imperial system has been established in law. Of course, this country has been established. The immobilization and penetration of the body went through the following decades.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：K313.5

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