【摘要】：隨著國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速推進(jìn),城市化的進(jìn)程也隨之加快,失地農(nóng)民的出現(xiàn)是我國農(nóng)村向城鎮(zhèn)轉(zhuǎn)變的必然結(jié)果,隨之產(chǎn)生了相關(guān)的社會(huì)保障問題。本文分別對國外和國內(nèi)的城市化進(jìn)程關(guān)于失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障先進(jìn)做法做出認(rèn)真研究,吸收他們的精華,并以福州市倉山區(qū)已完成和正在進(jìn)行中的“城中村”改造村莊作為調(diào)研對象,對因“城中村”改造而失去土地農(nóng)民的生活現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行調(diào)查,集中分析改造后失地農(nóng)民社保情況和存在的問題及產(chǎn)生問題的原因,進(jìn)而提出符合倉山區(qū)的失地農(nóng)民社會(huì)保障制度對策及建議。首先借鑒國內(nèi)其他城市“城中村”改造過程中,解決失地農(nóng)民生活問題的經(jīng)驗(yàn),并結(jié)合倉山區(qū)失地農(nóng)民的情況,提出安置的可行性建議。通過有效約束政府的部分權(quán)利并分析現(xiàn)有土地征用制度的不足,對政府“城中村”改造行為提出建議,保障農(nóng)民的合法收益；通過選擇合理的地價(jià)評估體系,健全利益補(bǔ)償和分享機(jī)制,提升對失地農(nóng)民的補(bǔ)償力度。其次是解決農(nóng)民失去土地以后遇到的各種社會(huì)保障問題,包含養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)、醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)、最低生活保障、就業(yè)保障等問題。即通過健全失地農(nóng)民養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度,解決他們養(yǎng)老保障的問題；通過完善新農(nóng)村合作醫(yī)療制度體系建設(shè),做好失地農(nóng)民醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)制度的健全；通過建立失地農(nóng)民的最低生活保障制度,讓失地農(nóng)民也能享受到城鎮(zhèn)最低生活保障制度帶來的實(shí)惠：通過加強(qiáng)失地農(nóng)民專業(yè)技能教育培訓(xùn),為他們提供更多的就業(yè)空間,解決他們因失地而失業(yè)的煩惱。最后通過問卷調(diào)研,對福州市倉山區(qū)具體的“城中村”改造村莊失地農(nóng)民的社保問題進(jìn)行深入分析,結(jié)合數(shù)據(jù)提出了關(guān)于健全倉山區(qū)失地農(nóng)民社保問題的解決方案。即通過完善社保政策,提高補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn),加大就業(yè)培訓(xùn)力度,提供更多的人文關(guān)懷等方式,對倉山區(qū)失地農(nóng)民的社會(huì)保障問題進(jìn)行改進(jìn)。本文力求通過對福州市倉山區(qū)“城中村”改造而產(chǎn)生的失地農(nóng)民的社保問題進(jìn)行調(diào)研分析,找出問題存在的原因,并提出有關(guān)建設(shè)改進(jìn)意見,希望能夠幫助福州市構(gòu)建適合本地區(qū)的失地農(nóng)民社保體系以及加快城市建設(shè)步伐提供一定的參考價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of national economy, the process of urbanization is also speeding up. The emergence of landless farmers is the inevitable result of the transformation from rural areas to cities and towns in China, resulting in related social security problems. This paper makes a careful study on the advanced methods of social security for landless farmers in the process of urbanization both at home and abroad, so as to absorb their essence. Taking the village transformation of "village in city", which has been completed and is in progress, in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City as the research object, this paper investigates the living conditions of peasants who have lost their land because of the transformation of "village in city". This paper focuses on the analysis of the social security situation and the existing problems and the causes of the problems of the land-lost peasants after the transformation, and then puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the social security system of the land-lost peasants in accordance with the Cangshan area. First of all, the experience of solving the living problems of land-lost farmers in the process of transformation of "villages in cities" in other cities in China is used for reference, and the feasible suggestions for resettlement are put forward in the light of the situation of land-lost peasants in Cangshan area. By effectively restricting part of the government's rights and analyzing the deficiencies of the existing land expropriation system, the author puts forward some suggestions on the transformation of the government's "village in the city", so as to ensure the legitimate income of the peasants. By choosing a reasonable land price evaluation system and perfecting the benefit compensation and sharing mechanism, the compensation for land-losing farmers is enhanced. The second is to solve all kinds of social security problems after farmers lose their land, including old-age insurance, medical insurance, minimum living security, employment security and so on. That is, by perfecting the old-age insurance system of land-lost farmers, solving the problem of their old-age security, and perfecting the construction of the new rural cooperative medical system, the health insurance system of land-lost farmers' medical insurance system can be improved. By establishing a minimum living security system for landless farmers, landless farmers can also enjoy the benefits of the urban minimum living security system: by strengthening the education and training in professional skills of landless farmers, they will be provided with more employment space. To solve their trouble of losing their jobs because of the loss of land. Finally, through questionnaire investigation, the social security problems of the land-lost farmers in the villages in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City are deeply analyzed, and the solutions to the social security problems of land-lost farmers in Cangshan area are put forward. That is to improve the social security problems of land-lost farmers in Cangshan area by perfecting the social security policy raising the compensation standard increasing the employment training and providing more humanistic care. Through the investigation and analysis of the social security problems of the land-lost farmers caused by the transformation of "villages in cities" in Cangshan District of Fuzhou City, this paper tries to find out the causes of the problems, and puts forward some suggestions on construction and improvement. It is hoped that it can help Fuzhou to set up a social security system for landless farmers and to speed up the pace of urban construction.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：F323.89

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