發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-12-12 16:11

【摘要】：2014年是中國的深改元年,隨著對民生問題關(guān)注度的不斷提高,中國社會保障制度也經(jīng)歷了前所未有的變革。為了消除城鄉(xiāng)居民各自參加基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的二元障礙,真正實(shí)現(xiàn)政策惠民和服務(wù)均等,我國于2014年2月出臺政策,合并新農(nóng)保和城居保,建立統(tǒng)一的城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度。截止到2013年底,全國參加該制度的人數(shù)達(dá)到49750萬人,較去年增加1381萬人。城鎮(zhèn)常住人口占總?cè)丝诘谋戎丶s為53.73%,但城鎮(zhèn)居民(指城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)的潛在參保人群,即年滿16周歲,具有城鎮(zhèn)戶口的非從業(yè)、無收入或者低收入無保障的居民)的參保率卻遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)低于農(nóng)村居民,成為基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度全覆蓋的最后一塊短板,提高其參保率成為整個(gè)養(yǎng)老保障體系建設(shè)的重中之重。城鎮(zhèn)居民的參保選擇到底受哪些因素的影響和制約,該制度在城鎮(zhèn)推行受阻,屢遭"閉門羹"的原因何在,又該采取怎樣的措施進(jìn)一步推進(jìn)擴(kuò)面工作的開展正是本文研究的主要內(nèi)容。文章選取武漢13個(gè)轄區(qū)中三個(gè)典型地區(qū)符合條件的城鎮(zhèn)居民作為調(diào)查對象,從個(gè)人、家庭特征以及制度設(shè)計(jì)三個(gè)維度展開實(shí)證研究。本次研究共發(fā)放問卷240份,其中有效問卷207份。基于對三個(gè)地區(qū)不同人群的問卷調(diào)查和對個(gè)別人員的訪談,在對數(shù)據(jù)整理分析的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用Logistic回歸模型,分析影響城鎮(zhèn)居民參保的主要因素及影響程度和方式。研究結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),年齡、文化程度、收入狀況、對制度的知悉程度等因素都對城鎮(zhèn)居民的參保決策有所影響。同時(shí),通過對三個(gè)樣本轄區(qū)制度實(shí)施現(xiàn)狀和居民對制度滿意度的調(diào)查問詢,找出目前武漢城鎮(zhèn)居民參保積極性不高的主要原因和制約因素。即制度不劃算,養(yǎng)老金額偏低,制度滿意度偏低以及政府作用發(fā)揮不到位等問題均是制度推行的主要阻力。最后借鑒城鄉(xiāng)居民基本養(yǎng)老保險(xiǎn)制度在農(nóng)村順利推行的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn),針對制度在城鎮(zhèn)推行過程中遇到的主要問題,對癥下藥。從制度設(shè)計(jì)、激勵(lì)機(jī)制、宣傳渠道、法律法規(guī)和孝養(yǎng)文化建設(shè)五個(gè)角度,提出促進(jìn)城鎮(zhèn)居民參保,實(shí)現(xiàn)該制度長期可持續(xù)發(fā)展的對策建議,并總結(jié)制度建設(shè)存在的不足之處,為完善其他政策制度提供借鑒,實(shí)現(xiàn)真正意義上的政策惠民。
[Abstract]:2014 is the first year of China's deep reform, and China's social security system has undergone unprecedented changes with increasing attention to people's livelihood issues. In order to eliminate the dual barriers for urban and rural residents to participate in basic old-age insurance, and to truly realize the policy of benefiting the people and equalizing services, China introduced a policy in February 2014 to merge the new rural insurance and urban housing insurance. Establish a unified basic old-age insurance system for urban and rural residents. By the end of 2013, 497.5 million people had joined the system, up 13.81 million from last year. The proportion of urban resident population to the total population is about 53.73.However, urban residents (refers to the potential insured population of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents, that is, those who have reached the age of 16 and are not employed in urban hukou, The insured rate of the residents with no income or low income is far lower than that of the rural residents, so it becomes the last short board covered by the basic old-age insurance system, and it becomes the most important part of the construction of the whole old-age security system to improve its participation rate. What factors affect and restrict the participation of urban residents in the insurance system? what is the reason why the implementation of the system in cities and towns has been blocked and repeatedly "closed to the door"? What measures should be taken to further promote the development of the work is the main content of this study. This paper selects the eligible urban residents in three typical areas in 13 districts of Wuhan as the object of investigation, and carries out an empirical study from three dimensions: individual, family characteristics and system design. A total of 240 questionnaires were sent out, of which 207 were valid. Based on the questionnaire survey of different groups of people in three areas and the interview of individual personnel, the main factors affecting the urban residents' participation in insurance and the degree and way of influence were analyzed by using Logistic regression model on the basis of data collation and analysis. The results show that the factors of age, education, income, and the degree of knowledge to the system have some influence on the decision of urban residents to participate in insurance. At the same time, through the investigation of the status quo of the implementation of the system in the three sample districts and the survey of residents' satisfaction with the system, we find out the main reasons and restrictive factors for the low enthusiasm of the urban residents in Wuhan to participate in the insurance at present. That is, the system is not cost-effective, the pension amount is on the low side, system satisfaction is low and the role of the government is not in place, and so on are the main obstacles to the implementation of the system. Finally, draw lessons from the successful experience of the basic old-age insurance system of urban and rural residents in rural areas, aiming at the main problems encountered in the implementation of the system in cities and towns, the right remedy is given. From the five angles of system design, incentive mechanism, propaganda channel, laws and regulations and filial piety culture construction, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to promote the urban residents to participate in the insurance and realize the long-term sustainable development of the system, and summarizes the shortcomings of the system construction. In order to improve other policy systems to provide reference to achieve the true meaning of the policy benefits the people.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：F842.67

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