列寧代議制思想研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-03 21:31
【摘要】：代議制是現(xiàn)代民主制的主導(dǎo)形式。代議制問題既是現(xiàn)代政治學(xué)的重大理論問題,也是當(dāng)代政治生活中重大實(shí)踐問題。列寧的代議制思想是一筆寶貴的理論遺產(chǎn)。列寧在繼承馬克思、恩格斯代議制思想的基礎(chǔ)上,站在時(shí)代發(fā)展的高度,結(jié)合俄國革命的具體實(shí)際,對(duì)代議制問題,尤其是蘇維埃社會(huì)主義代議制問題,進(jìn)行了長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的深入探討和縝密思考,不僅極大地豐富和發(fā)展了馬克思恩格斯的代議制思想,而且創(chuàng)造了蘇維埃代議制的偉大實(shí)踐,開創(chuàng)了一個(gè)民主的偉大時(shí)代,具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值。 原始民主制是代議制的沃土,古希臘城邦民主制是代議制的雛形。代議制是資產(chǎn)階級(jí)在近代史上的發(fā)明創(chuàng)造,議會(huì)制、政黨制和普選制是代議制確立的標(biāo)志,歷史實(shí)踐孕育出代議制理論,以孟德斯鳩、盧梭和密爾為代表。巴黎公社是工人階級(jí)代議制的最初嘗試,馬克思從巴黎公社實(shí)踐中總結(jié)出來的代議制思想,對(duì)列寧產(chǎn)生了重要影響。十九世紀(jì)末、二十世紀(jì)初沙皇俄國上演的代議制鬧劇直接引發(fā)了列寧對(duì)代議制問題的理論思考。 列寧處在帝國主義和無產(chǎn)階級(jí)革命的新時(shí)代,擔(dān)負(fù)起揭露、批判西方代議制神話、開創(chuàng)蘇維埃代議制理論與實(shí)踐的使命,從“三個(gè)維度”,即革命性的蘇維埃代議制的維度、社會(huì)主義蘇維埃代議制的維度和黨內(nèi)代議制民主的維度,分“四個(gè)階段”,即代議制思想的萌芽階段、創(chuàng)立革命性蘇維埃思想的階段、建立社會(huì)主義蘇維埃代議制思想的階段和政治遺囑階段,全面闡述了他的代議制思想。 列寧堅(jiān)持馬克思恩格斯關(guān)于代議制政體的基本思想,深刻揭露和批判資產(chǎn)階級(jí)代議制政體的虛偽性及其反無產(chǎn)階級(jí)的階級(jí)本質(zhì),系統(tǒng)提出蘇維埃代議制政體建設(shè)的基本原則,在實(shí)踐中周密設(shè)計(jì)和構(gòu)建蘇維埃代議制政體。列寧認(rèn)為,普選制、監(jiān)督制和罷免權(quán)是規(guī)避代議制政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn),確保蘇維埃代議制政體的人民民主性質(zhì)的根本措施。黨內(nèi)民主是黨的生命,沒有黨內(nèi)民主,就沒有人民民主。列寧強(qiáng)調(diào),必須把黨建設(shè)成一個(gè)充分民主的黨,保障黨員的民主權(quán)利是黨內(nèi)代議制民主的根本。黨內(nèi)代議制民主必須靠系統(tǒng)而持久的制度建設(shè)來保障。 列寧的代議制思想是列寧主義的重要組成部分。列寧在代議制問題上,旗幟鮮明地堅(jiān)持和捍衛(wèi)了馬克思主義的基本觀點(diǎn),開創(chuàng)了蘇維埃社會(huì)主義代議制的理論與實(shí)踐,開創(chuàng)了工人階級(jí)執(zhí)政黨黨內(nèi)代議制民主的理論與實(shí)踐,具有重要的歷史地位；從社會(huì)主義的歷史實(shí)踐來看,列寧在俄國革命和社會(huì)主義建設(shè)中,創(chuàng)造的蘇維埃代議制的偉大實(shí)踐,以及后來斯大林對(duì)列寧蘇維埃代議制思想的嚴(yán)重背棄所造成的災(zāi)難性后果,具有極其寶貴的借鑒和參考價(jià)值；從全力推進(jìn)中國特色社會(huì)主義民主政治的角度來看,列寧的代議制思想具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)指導(dǎo)意義和方法論價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:Representative system is the dominant form of modern democracy. The problem of representative system is not only a major theoretical issue in modern politics, but also a major practical problem in contemporary political life. Lenin's thought of representative system is a valuable theoretical heritage. Lenin, on the basis of inheriting Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, standing at the height of the development of the times, combined with the specific reality of the Russian revolution, addressed the problems of representative system, especially the question of representative system of Soviet socialism. It not only enriched and developed Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, but also created the great practice of Soviet representative system and opened a great era of democracy. It has important research value. Primitive democracy is the fertile soil of representative system, and ancient Greek city-state democracy is the embryonic form of representative system. Representative system is the invention and creation of bourgeoisie in modern history, parliamentary system, political party system and universal election system is the symbol of the establishment of representative system, historical practice gave birth to representative system theory, represented by Montesquieu, Rousseau and Mill. The Paris Commune is the first attempt of representative system of the working class. The thought of representative system summed up by Marx from the practice of Paris Commune had an important influence on Lenin. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin's theoretical thinking on the issue of representative system was directly aroused by the farce of representative system staged by tsarist Russia. In the new era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, Lenin took on the mission of exposing and criticizing the myth of representative system in the West and creating the theory and practice of Soviet representative system from the "three dimensions", that is, the revolutionary dimension of Soviet representative system. The dimension of the representative system of the socialist Soviet and the dimension of the representative democracy within the Party are divided into four stages, namely, the embryonic stage of the thought of representative system, and the stage of the founding of the revolutionary Soviet thought. The stage of establishing representative system of socialist Soviet and the stage of political will, expound his thought of representative system in an all-round way. Lenin persisted in Marx and Engels' basic thought on representative government, deeply exposed and criticized the hypocrisy of bourgeois representative government and its class essence against proletariat, and put forward systematically the basic principles of the construction of Soviet representative system of government. In practice, the Soviet representative system of government was carefully designed and constructed. Lenin believed that the power of universal election, supervision and recall was the fundamental measure to avoid the political risk of representative system and to ensure the democratic nature of the people in Soviet representative government. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party. Without inner-Party democracy, there will be no people's democracy. Lenin stressed that it is necessary to build the Party into a fully democratic party, and to guarantee the democratic rights of Party members is the foundation of representative democracy within the Party. Representative democracy within the Party must be guaranteed by systematic and lasting system construction. Lenin's thought of representative system is an important part of Leninism. On the issue of representative system, Lenin took a clear-cut stand to uphold and defend the basic viewpoint of Marxism, founded the theory and practice of representative system of Soviet socialism, and pioneered the theory and practice of representative democracy within the ruling party of the working class. From the historical practice of socialism, Lenin created the great practice of Soviet representative system in the Russian revolution and socialist construction. And the disastrous consequences caused by Stalin's serious renegade of Lenin's thought of Soviet representative system were of great value for reference and reference; from the point of view of pushing forward socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Lenin's thought of representative system has important practical guiding significance and methodological value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821
本文編號(hào)：2163052
[Abstract]:Representative system is the dominant form of modern democracy. The problem of representative system is not only a major theoretical issue in modern politics, but also a major practical problem in contemporary political life. Lenin's thought of representative system is a valuable theoretical heritage. Lenin, on the basis of inheriting Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, standing at the height of the development of the times, combined with the specific reality of the Russian revolution, addressed the problems of representative system, especially the question of representative system of Soviet socialism. It not only enriched and developed Marx and Engels' thought of representative system, but also created the great practice of Soviet representative system and opened a great era of democracy. It has important research value. Primitive democracy is the fertile soil of representative system, and ancient Greek city-state democracy is the embryonic form of representative system. Representative system is the invention and creation of bourgeoisie in modern history, parliamentary system, political party system and universal election system is the symbol of the establishment of representative system, historical practice gave birth to representative system theory, represented by Montesquieu, Rousseau and Mill. The Paris Commune is the first attempt of representative system of the working class. The thought of representative system summed up by Marx from the practice of Paris Commune had an important influence on Lenin. At the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the 20th century, Lenin's theoretical thinking on the issue of representative system was directly aroused by the farce of representative system staged by tsarist Russia. In the new era of imperialism and proletarian revolution, Lenin took on the mission of exposing and criticizing the myth of representative system in the West and creating the theory and practice of Soviet representative system from the "three dimensions", that is, the revolutionary dimension of Soviet representative system. The dimension of the representative system of the socialist Soviet and the dimension of the representative democracy within the Party are divided into four stages, namely, the embryonic stage of the thought of representative system, and the stage of the founding of the revolutionary Soviet thought. The stage of establishing representative system of socialist Soviet and the stage of political will, expound his thought of representative system in an all-round way. Lenin persisted in Marx and Engels' basic thought on representative government, deeply exposed and criticized the hypocrisy of bourgeois representative government and its class essence against proletariat, and put forward systematically the basic principles of the construction of Soviet representative system of government. In practice, the Soviet representative system of government was carefully designed and constructed. Lenin believed that the power of universal election, supervision and recall was the fundamental measure to avoid the political risk of representative system and to ensure the democratic nature of the people in Soviet representative government. Inner-Party democracy is the life of the Party. Without inner-Party democracy, there will be no people's democracy. Lenin stressed that it is necessary to build the Party into a fully democratic party, and to guarantee the democratic rights of Party members is the foundation of representative democracy within the Party. Representative democracy within the Party must be guaranteed by systematic and lasting system construction. Lenin's thought of representative system is an important part of Leninism. On the issue of representative system, Lenin took a clear-cut stand to uphold and defend the basic viewpoint of Marxism, founded the theory and practice of representative system of Soviet socialism, and pioneered the theory and practice of representative democracy within the ruling party of the working class. From the historical practice of socialism, Lenin created the great practice of Soviet representative system in the Russian revolution and socialist construction. And the disastrous consequences caused by Stalin's serious renegade of Lenin's thought of Soviet representative system were of great value for reference and reference; from the point of view of pushing forward socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, Lenin's thought of representative system has important practical guiding significance and methodological value.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：A821
【引證文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條
1 龍建宇;列寧黨內(nèi)監(jiān)督思想研究[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2014年
，本文編號(hào)：2163052
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