本文關(guān)鍵詞： 肯尼迪政府 民防政策 掩體　出處：《渤海大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：民防在二十世紀(jì)二十年代就被廣泛提及,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)中原子彈的使用又給民防賦予了新的含義,即不僅能夠抵御常規(guī)戰(zhàn)爭的進(jìn)攻,還要能夠保護(hù)民眾遠(yuǎn)離由核武器引發(fā)的二次災(zāi)害。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,美國政府意識(shí)到需要建立能夠具有現(xiàn)代意義的民防體系。1949年蘇聯(lián)打破了美國核壟斷地位,美國的民防政策真正提上日程。在杜魯門總統(tǒng)和艾森豪威爾總統(tǒng)任期內(nèi),民防政策都有一定的發(fā)展,但由于資金等因素的限制,使得民防政策產(chǎn)生的成效不大。面對(duì)第二次柏林危機(jī)、古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)以及蘇聯(lián)空間領(lǐng)域的激烈競(jìng)爭等復(fù)雜國際局勢(shì),肯尼迪總統(tǒng)上臺(tái)后采取積極的民防政策,加大民防預(yù)算支持民眾修建民防掩體。在肯尼迪總統(tǒng)的任期內(nèi)不僅第二次柏林危機(jī)加劇,而且還發(fā)生了古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī),這些更對(duì)肯尼迪政府的民防政策產(chǎn)生了巨大的推動(dòng)作用。盡管肯尼迪總統(tǒng)大力支持修建民防掩體,推行積極的民防政策,但由于國會(huì)撥付的資金有限,民眾對(duì)待民防態(tài)度冷淡以及民防部門工作不力等原因使得肯尼迪總統(tǒng)在古巴導(dǎo)彈危機(jī)之后逐漸放棄其原來的民防政策。1963年11月,肯尼迪總統(tǒng)遇刺身亡,民防政策的發(fā)展也趨于停滯�？夏岬险拿穹勒呤窃诶鋺�(zhàn)的大背景下受到冷戰(zhàn)的重大事件影響制定的,同時(shí)又深受冷戰(zhàn)的制約。
[Abstract]:Since 1920s, civil defense has been widely mentioned, and the use of atomic bombs in World War II has given new meaning to civil defense, that is, it is not only able to resist the attack of conventional war. After World War II, the United States government realized the need for a modern civil defence system. In 1949, the Soviet Union broke the nuclear monopoly of the United States. The civil defense policy of the United States is really on the agenda. During the administrations of President Truman and President Eisenhower, civil defense policy has developed to a certain extent, but due to financial constraints and other factors, In the face of the complex international situation, such as the second Berlin crisis, the Cuban missile crisis and the fierce competition in the space field of the Soviet Union, President Kennedy adopted an active civil defense policy after taking office. Increase the civil defense budget to support civil defense bunkers. Not only did the second Berlin crisis intensify during President Kennedy's term, but there was also a Cuban missile crisis. These have contributed greatly to the civil defense policy of the Kennedy administration. Although President Kennedy strongly supported the construction of civil defence bunkers and pursued active civil defense policies, due to the limited funds allocated by Congress, The public's indifference to civil defense and the lack of work by civil defense departments led President Kennedy to abandon his original civil defence policy after the Cuban missile crisis. In November 1963, President Kennedy was assassinated. The development of civil defense policy also tends to stagnate. The civil defense policy of Kennedy administration was made under the background of the cold war and was influenced by the great events of the cold war, and was restricted by the cold war at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：渤海大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2

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