本文關(guān)鍵詞： 民主 民主化 威權(quán)主義 政黨輪替 政治制度　出處：《上海師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：馬來西亞二戰(zhàn)后的政治發(fā)展歷程與東亞政治發(fā)展的大趨勢大致是相符的,也可以劃分為三大階段:民主——威權(quán)——民主。但是,通過將馬來西亞分別與已經(jīng)發(fā)生民主轉(zhuǎn)型的東亞國家和沒有發(fā)生民主轉(zhuǎn)型的東亞國家進行比較,我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)馬來西亞的民主化具有幾個鮮明的特點。相較于其他已經(jīng)發(fā)生民主轉(zhuǎn)型的東亞國家,馬來西亞的執(zhí)政黨在國內(nèi)的力量更強,民主化進程更加漸進,以至于到現(xiàn)在都沒有發(fā)生政黨輪替,但是社會也更加穩(wěn)定。而相較于沒有發(fā)生民主轉(zhuǎn)型的東亞國家,馬來西亞的民主水平更高,甚至已經(jīng)被一些西方權(quán)威的民主測量系統(tǒng)認可為民主政體�？偠灾�,馬來西亞在一黨為主長期執(zhí)政的威權(quán)主義體制內(nèi)將民主發(fā)展到了比較高的水平。導致馬來西亞民主化出現(xiàn)這種特點的原因是多方面的。馬來西亞民主化的基本原因是經(jīng)過數(shù)十年高速的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展,馬來西亞的中產(chǎn)階級日益壯大,市民社會逐漸發(fā)展成熟,而且反對黨也逐漸組成跨種族聯(lián)盟,這一切使得執(zhí)政黨的合法性逐漸動搖,而反對黨的力量越來越大。但是到目前為止,以巫統(tǒng)為主導的國民陣線仍然掌握著中央政府的執(zhí)政權(quán)。在很大程度上,馬來西亞一黨為主長期執(zhí)政的原因與馬來西亞的政治制度本身相關(guān)。馬來西亞的政治制度具有現(xiàn)代性、復雜性、競爭性和包容性等特點。與其他已經(jīng)發(fā)生政治體制轉(zhuǎn)型的東亞國家相比較,馬來西亞政治制度的制度化水平更高,在體制內(nèi)將民主發(fā)展到了比較高的水平,因此能夠適應(yīng)巨大的經(jīng)濟社會的變遷,而不至于發(fā)生政治體制轉(zhuǎn)型和政黨輪替。
[Abstract]:The course of political development in Malaysia after World War II is roughly consistent with the general trend of political development in East Asia, and can also be divided into three stages: democracy, authoritarianism and democracy. By comparing Malaysia with East Asian countries that have undergone democratic transition and those with no democratic transition, We can find that Malaysia's democratization has several distinct characteristics. Compared with other East Asian countries that have undergone democratic transition, Malaysia's ruling party is more powerful at home and the democratization process is more gradual. So far, there has been no change of political parties, but the society is also more stable. And Malaysia has a higher level of democracy than the East Asian countries that have not undergone democratic transition. It has even been recognized as a democracy by some of the Western authoritative democratic measurement systems. Malaysia has developed democracy to a relatively high level in an authoritarian system dominated by one party for a long time. There are many reasons leading to this characteristic of democratization in Malaysia. Because after decades of rapid economic development, Malaysia's growing middle class, a maturing civil society and a growing cross-racial coalition of opposition parties have shaken the legitimacy of the ruling party. And the opposition is getting stronger. But so far, the UMNO-dominated National Front still holds the power of the central government. To a large extent, The reasons for Malaysia's one-party rule for a long time have something to do with the Malaysian political system itself. Malaysia's political system is modern and complex. Compared with other East Asian countries that have already undergone political restructuring, Malaysia's political system has a higher level of institutionalization and has developed democracy to a relatively high level within the system. Therefore, can adapt to the huge economic and social changes, without the political system transformation and party turnover.
【學位授予單位】：上海師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D733.8

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本文編號：1531051