發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-05-18 10:21

  本文選題：福祉地理學(xué) + 人口老齡化��； 參考：《東北師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,人口老齡化現(xiàn)象正在由發(fā)達(dá)國家蔓延到發(fā)展中國家,老齡問題即將成為發(fā)展中國家的一個(gè)主要問題。中國作為世界上人口最多的國家,隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,人們的生活水平日益提高,人均預(yù)期壽命越來越高,老年人口的比例越來越大,21世紀(jì)前期將是中國人口老齡化發(fā)展最快的時(shí)期。中國的人口老齡化超前于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,具有“未富先老”的特點(diǎn),同時(shí)還伴隨著家庭規(guī)模小型化和空巢化,老年人的生活難以得到保障。中國政府高度重視和解決人口老齡化問題,樹立了老有所養(yǎng)、老有所醫(yī)、老有所教、老有所學(xué)、老有所為、老有所樂的發(fā)展目標(biāo)。研究中國老年人福祉的空間分異,對于認(rèn)清中國老年人福祉空間分布現(xiàn)狀,因地制宜發(fā)展老齡事業(yè),實(shí)現(xiàn)全國老年人福祉協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展具有重要的理論和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。本文基于福祉地理學(xué)相關(guān)概念和理論,基于中國統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(2013年),各省統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒(2013年),采用SPSS軟件和Arc Gis軟件,測量了中國各省、市、直轄市老年人的客觀福祉水平,并進(jìn)行了地理空間分異分析,總結(jié)其空間分異形成的主要影響因素。本文主要研究成果有:第一,在綜合分析現(xiàn)有研究的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合中國老年人的特點(diǎn)和需求,從社會(huì)福祉、經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉、生態(tài)福祉、主觀滿意度四個(gè)方面構(gòu)建中國老年人福祉評價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。社會(huì)福祉指標(biāo)分別從居住條件、交通條件、文化娛樂、醫(yī)療保健四個(gè)方面展開,經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉指標(biāo)從收入水平和消費(fèi)水平兩個(gè)方面展開,生態(tài)福祉指標(biāo)從大氣環(huán)境、水環(huán)境和土地環(huán)境三個(gè)方面展開。第二,2013年中國老年人客觀福祉測量結(jié)果顯示,總福祉呈東高西低的空間分布特征,總福祉水平最高的是山東、江蘇、浙江,都位于中國東部沿海地區(qū)。社會(huì)福祉與經(jīng)濟(jì)福祉的空間分布特征相似,也具有東高西低的分布特點(diǎn),生態(tài)福祉的空間分布則呈現(xiàn)不同的特點(diǎn),生態(tài)福祉得分最高的是青海、西藏、甘肅等西部省份,最低的是山西、河北、內(nèi)蒙古等北部省份。第三,將各省老年人客觀福祉總得分和老年人撫養(yǎng)比結(jié)合,把全國分為7類地區(qū),分別是高低型(廣東)、高中型(浙江、河南、山東)、高高型(江蘇、四川)、中中型(甘肅、云南、廣西、內(nèi)蒙古、山西、黑龍江、福建、天津、吉林、陜西、北京、湖北、江西、安徽、湖南、遼寧、上海、河北)、低低型(西藏、寧夏、青海、新疆)、低中型(海南、貴州)、低高型(重慶)。第四,經(jīng)濟(jì)因素、政府政策、社會(huì)支持、生態(tài)環(huán)境的空間分異是影響中國老年人福祉空間分異的主要因素。
[Abstract]:At present, the phenomenon of population aging is spreading from developed countries to developing countries, and ageing will soon become a major problem in developing countries. As the most populous country in the world, with the rapid development of social economy, people's living standards are improving day by day, and the life expectancy per capita is getting higher and higher. The proportion of the aged population is getting larger and larger. The early 21st century will be the fastest growing period of aging population in China. China's aging population is ahead of economic development, with the characteristics of "old before rich", but also accompanied by family size miniaturization and empty nesting, the life of the elderly is difficult to ensure. The Chinese government attaches great importance to and solves the problem of aging of the population, and has set up the development goals of a sense of security, a sense of health, a sense of education, a sense of learning, a sense of conduct, and a sense of happiness for the elderly. The study of the spatial differentiation of the welfare of the elderly in China is of great theoretical and practical significance in understanding the present situation of spatial distribution of the well-being of the elderly in China, developing the cause of ageing according to local conditions, and realizing the coordinated development of the welfare of the elderly throughout the country. Based on the related concepts and theories of well-being geography, based on the Statistical Yearbook of China (2013) and the Statistical Yearbook of provinces (2013), the objective well-being of the elderly in provinces, municipalities and municipalities of China was measured by using SPSS software and Arc Gis software. The main factors influencing the formation of spatial differentiation are summarized. The main research results of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of comprehensive analysis of the existing research, combined with the characteristics and needs of the elderly in China, from the social well-being, economic well-being, ecological well-being, Four aspects of subjective satisfaction to construct the Chinese elderly well-being evaluation index system. Social welfare indicators are developed from four aspects: living conditions, traffic conditions, culture and recreation, and health care, economic well-being indicators are developed from two aspects of income level and consumption level, and ecological well-being indicators are based on the atmospheric environment. Water environment and land environment in three aspects. Secondly, the objective well-being measurement results of Chinese elderly in 2013 show that the total well-being of the elderly is characterized by a spatial distribution of high and low in east China, and the highest level of total well-being is in Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, all of which are located in the coastal areas of eastern China. The spatial distribution characteristics of social welfare and economic well-being are similar, and they also have the characteristics of low distribution in the east, high in the east and low in the west. The spatial distribution of the ecological well-being shows different characteristics. The western provinces such as Qinghai, Tibet, Gansu and other western provinces have the highest score of ecological well-being. The lowest are Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and other northern provinces. Third, combining the total objective scores of the elderly in various provinces with the dependency ratio of the elderly, the whole country is divided into seven types of regions, namely, high and low (Guangdong, Henan, Shandong, Shandong), high (Jiangsu, Sichuan, medium, Gansu, Yunnan, Guangxi, Inner Mongolia, Shanxi, Heilongjiang, Fujian, Tianjin, Jilin, Shaanxi, Beijing, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Liaoning, Shanghai, Hebei, low (Tibet, Ningxia, Qinghai, Xinjiang, low and medium) Kweichow, low high type (Chungking). Fourth, economic factors, government policies, social support, ecological environment spatial differentiation are the main factors that affect the welfare of the elderly in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D669.6

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