發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-03-01 00:07

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 基層協(xié)商民主 協(xié)商民主 制度化　出處：《河北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：上個(gè)世紀(jì)80年代以來,由于社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)日趨復(fù)雜,以多數(shù)原則和選舉制為特征的代議制民主越來越受到人們的質(zhì)疑與挑戰(zhàn)。在這樣的學(xué)術(shù)背景下,西方學(xué)者將古希臘民主理論與現(xiàn)實(shí)民主需求相結(jié)合,提出了協(xié)商民主理論。與代議制民主不同,協(xié)商民主理論最大的特征之一,就是體現(xiàn)民主生活中的多元與共識(shí)。協(xié)商民主主張?jiān)谡卧V求多元化的前提下,通過協(xié)商、討論的方式,體現(xiàn)不同階層群體的利益,最終達(dá)成共識(shí)。協(xié)商民主理論的這些特質(zhì)適應(yīng)了現(xiàn)代民主的發(fā)展潮流,對我國民主政治建設(shè)具有重大的借鑒意義。在我國所有的民主形式中,由于基層民主建設(shè)所涉及的具體問題與群眾的生產(chǎn)生活息息相關(guān),因此,對于基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐形式的積極探索便構(gòu)成了我國民主實(shí)踐的重要內(nèi)容。無論是上個(gè)世紀(jì)90年代初產(chǎn)生的民主懇談會(huì)制度,還是十八大之后出現(xiàn)的居民議事會(huì)、公民評議會(huì)等民主實(shí)踐形式,都是我國基層協(xié)商民主建設(shè)的具體實(shí)踐。隨著我國改革進(jìn)入到全面攻堅(jiān)階段,基層社會(huì)所面臨的深層次矛盾也日益突出�；鶎訁f(xié)商民主不僅是群眾維護(hù)自身合法利益的重要渠道,也是實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)公平正義的有效方式。因此,在十八大正式提出要全面推進(jìn)我國協(xié)商民主建設(shè)之后,黨的十八屆三中全會(huì)又將開展形式多樣的基層協(xié)商民主作為我國民主政治建設(shè)的重要發(fā)展目標(biāo)。作為政治發(fā)展基本構(gòu)成要素和運(yùn)行主體的制度,其規(guī)范、有序和結(jié)構(gòu)化程度的高低直接影響了政治制度的社會(huì)認(rèn)可度,同時(shí)也是評價(jià)政治制度適應(yīng)能力的重要指標(biāo)。因此,大力推進(jìn)我國基層協(xié)商民主制度化建設(shè),實(shí)現(xiàn)基層協(xié)商民主在動(dòng)態(tài)化制度建設(shè)過程中的體制、機(jī)制創(chuàng)新就顯得尤為重要。本文在對我國當(dāng)前典型的基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐形式簡要梳理的基礎(chǔ)上,通過分析比較各自特點(diǎn),結(jié)合實(shí)際,總結(jié)概括出我國基層協(xié)商民主制度化的現(xiàn)實(shí)困境,并嘗試提出相應(yīng)優(yōu)化之策。近年來,我國基層協(xié)商民主在理論與實(shí)踐上取得了顯著成績,但由于相關(guān)制度供給不足,導(dǎo)致在基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)踐過程中遇到了許多現(xiàn)實(shí)問題。比如:基層協(xié)商制度主體能力不足;制度的協(xié)調(diào)性、系統(tǒng)性不夠;制度的執(zhí)行性和保障性欠缺等。這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因是多方面的,但歸根結(jié)底是由于缺乏完善的制度安排。首先,要進(jìn)一步鍛造基層協(xié)商民主主體,提升主體制度化能力。其次,要不斷完善基層協(xié)商民主實(shí)現(xiàn)形式,拓寬參與渠道,加強(qiáng)基層協(xié)商民主立法工作。再次,要制定完善的基層協(xié)商程序運(yùn)行機(jī)制。建立基層協(xié)商議題征集制度,規(guī)范基層協(xié)商民主運(yùn)行程序。最后,要不斷完善基層協(xié)商評價(jià)監(jiān)督機(jī)制。建立基層協(xié)商過程監(jiān)督機(jī)制、民主評議機(jī)制、信息反饋機(jī)制和獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)懲罰機(jī)制。實(shí)現(xiàn)我國基層協(xié)商民主的廣泛多層制度化發(fā)展,離不開國家制定健全的法律制度。要努力防止基層協(xié)商民主的片面化與形式化,更好地滿足人民群眾日益增長的參政需要,促進(jìn)我國社會(huì)主義協(xié)商民主事業(yè)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:In 80s of last century, because of the social structure is becoming increasingly complex, with the majority principle and characteristics of representative democracy election system for more and more people's doubts and challenges. In the academic background of western scholars, combining the theory and reality of democracy in ancient Greek democracy needs, put forward the theory of deliberative democracy. Unlike the representative democracy. The biggest feature of the theory of deliberative democracy, pluralism and consensus is the embodiment of democratic life. Deliberative democracy advocates in the political demands of diversification under the premise, through consultation, to discuss ways to reflect the interests of different class groups, reach a consensus. The theory of Deliberative Democracy these qualities to adapt to the development trend of modern democracy, great the significance of China's democratic political construction in our country. All forms of democracy, due to the specific problems and the masses involved in the construction of democracy at the grassroots level of production Life, therefore, to actively explore the grassroots deliberative democracy practice form constitutes the important content of the practice of China's democracy. It is the last century at the beginning of 90s the democratic consultation system, or eighteen after the resident Council, Council of citizens democratic practice form, is the specific practice of deliberative democracy construction China base. With China's reform and full access to a crucial stage, the deep-seated contradictions facing society has become increasingly prominent. Grassroots deliberative democracy is not only an important channel for people to safeguard their legitimate interests, but also social effective way of justice. Therefore, formally proposed in eighteen to comprehensively promote the construction of deliberative democracy in China after the party's the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee will carry out various forms of grassroots deliberative democracy as an important development goal of China's democratic political construction as. The basic elements and operation of the main system, the development of political norms, orderly and structured degree directly affect the level of the political system, social recognition, and also an important target to evaluate the adaptability of the political system. Therefore, vigorously promote the construction of China's grassroots deliberative democracy, deliberative democracy at the grassroots level in the implementation of the dynamic process of the system construction in the system, the mechanism of innovation is particularly important. Based on our current typical grassroots deliberative democracy practice form on the analysis, through the analysis and comparison of their characteristics, combined with the actual, summarizes the realistic dilemma of China's grassroots deliberative democracy system, and try to put forward the corresponding optimization strategy. In recent years, grassroots deliberative democracy in China has made remarkable achievements in theory and practice, but because of the insufficient supply of relevant institutions, resulting in the process of grassroots deliberative democracy practice in To a lot of problems. For example: Grassroots deliberative system subject ability is insufficient; coordination system, system is not enough; the implementation of the system and the lack of security. The causes of these problems are many, but after all is due to the lack of perfect institutional arrangement. First of all, to further the forging of deliberative democracy at the grass-roots level subject. To enhance the ability of the subject system. Secondly, to constantly improve the realization form of deliberative democracy at the grassroots level, broaden the channels of participation, strengthen grassroots deliberative democracy legislation. Thirdly, to develop grassroots deliberative program operation mechanism. To establish grass-roots negotiation call system specification of deliberative democracy at the grass-roots level to run the program. Finally, to continuously improve the grassroots deliberative evaluation and supervision mechanism establish a supervision mechanism. The process of grassroots consultation, democratic appraisal mechanism, information feedback mechanism and reward punishment mechanism. The realization of China's grassroots deliberative democracy more widely The institutionalized development of the country is inseparable from the formulation of a sound legal system by the state. We must try to prevent the one-sided and deliberative democracy from being one-sided and formalized, so as to better meet the growing needs of people's participation in politics and promote the development of China's socialist consultative democracy.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：D621

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