本文選題：公共安全　切入點：公安消防部隊　出處：《上海交通大學(xué)》2008年碩士論文

【摘要】： 我國傳統(tǒng)意義上的消防隊伍是一支抗御火災(zāi)的專門力量。近年來,我國公安消防部隊主動拓展職能,救難、救急,自覺承擔(dān)滅火之外的、以搶救人員生命為主的搶險救援任務(wù),實際已成為我國常態(tài)下應(yīng)急救援的主力軍。但是否將公安消防部隊作為承擔(dān)社會一般的、綜合的應(yīng)急救援組織,國家尚未完全明確。本文從公共管理、突發(fā)公共事件危機(jī)管理的視角,運用國內(nèi)外相關(guān)資料,論述由公安消防部隊承擔(dān)政府綜合應(yīng)急救援職能的重要性、必要性和可行性。嘗試為各級政府構(gòu)建應(yīng)急救援體系,加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急救援隊伍建設(shè)提供一點有益的借鑒與對策。 本文共分緒論和一至五章。第一章介紹了我國公共危機(jī)管理的緣起和我國應(yīng)急救援力量建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀。公共安全是人類生存、發(fā)展始終面對的基本問題。我國歷來是一個災(zāi)害多發(fā)的國家,近年來,我國進(jìn)入社會轉(zhuǎn)型期和矛盾凸顯期,公共安全形勢嚴(yán)峻。2003年“非典”之后,黨中央、國務(wù)院高度重視突發(fā)公共事件的應(yīng)急管理工作,提出了加速構(gòu)建社會應(yīng)急救援體系的要求。但是,由于目前我國突發(fā)公共事件應(yīng)急救援力量分散于多個部門,沒有真正建立統(tǒng)一的社會公共安全救援機(jī)制,加之各種災(zāi)害具有突發(fā)性、連鎖性等特點,傳統(tǒng)的“分地區(qū)、分部門、分災(zāi)種”的災(zāi)害應(yīng)對機(jī)制暴露出的問題日益突出,已不能適應(yīng)日漸增多的緊急突發(fā)事件處置的需要。由于職能交叉、部門分割、力量分散,難以形成統(tǒng)一有效的調(diào)度指揮,造成救援效能的低下。同時,諸多部門和類別的救援隊伍建設(shè)還造成重復(fù)投資、大量人員和裝備閑置,是對資源的極大浪費。 第二章簡要介紹國外主要發(fā)達(dá)國家應(yīng)急救援體系的現(xiàn)狀和國外消防在應(yīng)急救援體系中的職能�？v觀歐美等發(fā)達(dá)國家,政府統(tǒng)一指揮的應(yīng)急救援協(xié)調(diào)機(jī)構(gòu)、專業(yè)化的緊急救援隊伍、精良的應(yīng)急救援裝備、完善的應(yīng)急預(yù)案等,已成為國際社會公共安全救援體系的基本運作模式。由消防隊伍承擔(dān)各類災(zāi)害事故的日常救援任務(wù),發(fā)揮其“一隊多用、一專多能”的骨干作用,是世界上絕大多數(shù)國家應(yīng)急救援力量建設(shè)的共有模式。 第三章論述了由我國公安消防部隊承擔(dān)政府綜合應(yīng)急救援職能的必要性和可行性。加強(qiáng)應(yīng)急救援隊伍建設(shè),提高公共安全保障水平是政府履行社會管理和公共服務(wù)職能的重要內(nèi)容,也是構(gòu)建和諧社會的必然選擇。我國公安消防部隊在組織管理體系、迅速反應(yīng)、救援裝備、應(yīng)急救援經(jīng)驗、預(yù)案制訂、信息化建設(shè)和智力支持等方面具有明顯優(yōu)勢。依托公安消防部隊構(gòu)建常態(tài)應(yīng)急救援主體力量體系,既可以減少眾多的行業(yè)救援組織,避免行業(yè)救援組織的職能交叉、機(jī)構(gòu)重疊和人員臃腫,又可以集中力量整合社會資源,減少政府投入,降低行政成本,還能方便人民群眾遇難求助,提高救助效率,提升政府形象。 第四章論述了我國公安消防部隊承擔(dān)政府綜合應(yīng)急救援職能面臨的挑戰(zhàn)和對策。把公安消防部隊建成政府綜合應(yīng)急救援力量,當(dāng)前面臨著立法滯后,編制、經(jīng)費不足,救援效率不高等諸多挑戰(zhàn)。本文提出加強(qiáng)公安消防綜合應(yīng)急救援力量建設(shè)的對策是:一是健全有關(guān)應(yīng)急救援的法律、法規(guī),明確公安消防部隊在應(yīng)急救援體系中的主體地位;二是整合現(xiàn)有救援隊伍,拓展公安消防部隊職能;三是增加消防現(xiàn)役編制,大力發(fā)展多種形式的消防隊伍;四是加大資金投入,建立多元化、多渠道的經(jīng)費保障機(jī)制;五是進(jìn)一步健全社會聯(lián)動機(jī)制,構(gòu)建政府統(tǒng)一的指揮調(diào)度平臺;六是公安消防部隊自身應(yīng)積極應(yīng)對,通過轉(zhuǎn)變職能,加強(qiáng)專勤力量建設(shè),加強(qiáng)預(yù)案制訂和救援演練,著力提高社會搶險救援能力,積極承擔(dān)光榮使命。 第五章是結(jié)論和展望。國內(nèi)部分省市已在整合救援隊伍,加強(qiáng)消防綜合救援力量建設(shè)上邁出可喜的一步。由消防隊伍承擔(dān)綜合應(yīng)急救援職能終將成為各級政府構(gòu)建應(yīng)急救援體系的必然選擇。
[Abstract]:China's traditional sense of the fire fighting team is a special force to resist fire. In recent years, China's public security forces take the initiative to expand the functions of emergency rescue, fire fighting, consciously take away, to rescue personnel life based rescue mission, has become the main force of China's normal state of emergency rescue. But whether the public security forces as a commitment to society in general, comprehensive emergency rescue organization, the state has not yet completely clear. This article from the public management, public emergency crisis management perspective, using the relevant information at home and abroad, discusses the importance of public security fire force to assume the role of emergency rescue, the necessity and feasibility of trying to build. The emergency rescue system for all levels of government, strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team to provide useful reference and countermeasure point.
This paper consists of an introduction and five chapters. The first chapter introduces the origin of China's public crisis management in China and the present situation of the construction of emergency rescue force. Public safety is the basic problem of human survival, development has always been facing. China has always been a disaster prone country, in recent years, China's entry into the social transformation and during the period of prominent contradictions, the public security situation is grim.2003 years after "SARS", the CPC Central Committee, the State Council attaches great importance to the work of emergency management of public emergencies, put forward to accelerate the construction of social emergency system requirements. However, due to the current emergency rescue force of public emergencies in China are scattered in various departments, not really set up rescue mechanism of social public security and unity, and various disasters have burst, characteristics of chain, the traditional "sub regional, sub sector, sub disaster" disaster response mechanism of exposed problems increasingly prominent That cannot meet the needs of handling emergency incidents increasing. Due to the separation of departments, overlapping functions, scattered strength, it is difficult to form a unified command, resulting in low rescue efficiency. At the same time, many departments and the category of the construction of emergency rescue team also caused repeated investment, a large number of personnel and equipment idle, is a great waste of for resources.
The fire situation and abroad the second chapter briefly introduces the major developed countries of the emergency rescue system functions in emergency rescue system. Throughout Europe and the United States and other developed countries, emergency rescue coordination mechanism unified command of the government, professional emergency rescue teams, emergency rescue equipment, improve the emergency plan, has become the basic mode of operation rescue the system of public security of the international community. The fire team undertake all kinds of disaster relief task, play the "a team with the key role of expert, is the vast majority of the world's emergency rescue force construction common mode.
The third chapter discusses the necessity and feasibility of the China's public security forces to assume the role of emergency rescue. To strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team, improve the level of protection of public security is an important part of the government's social management and public service functions, which is an inevitable choice for the construction of a harmonious society. China's public security forces in the organization and management system. Rapid response, rescue equipment, emergency rescue experience, planning, has obvious advantages in information technology and intellectual support. Relying on the fire brigade building a normal emergency rescue main power system, it can not only reduce the number of the relief organizations, avoid relief organizations cross functional, overlapping organizations and overstaffing, and can focus on the integration of forces the social resources, reduce government spending, reduce administrative costs, to provide convenience for the masses to help victims, improve the rescue efficiency. The image of the government.
The fourth chapter discusses China's public security forces bear the challenges and Countermeasures of government emergency rescue functions. The public security fire troops built government emergency rescue force, facing the lag of legislation, establishment, lack of funds, the rescue efficiency is not high on many challenges. This paper proposes countermeasures to strengthen the construction of public security fire emergency rescue force is: one is to improve the relevant laws and regulations, emergency rescue, fire brigade clear subject status in the emergency rescue system; the two is the integration of the existing rescue team, expand the role of the fire forces; the three is to increase the fire service system, vigorously develop various forms of fire team; the four is to increase capital investment, to establish a diversified, safeguard mechanism multi channel fund; the five is to further improve the social linkage mechanism, unified dispatching platform construction of the government; the six is the public security fire troops should own product In response, we need to transform our functions, strengthen the construction of dedicated forces, strengthen the formulation and rescue exercises of preplans, and strive to improve the ability of social rescue and rescue, and take the glorious mission.
The fifth chapter is the conclusion and prospect. Some provinces and cities in China have already made a gratifying step in integrating the rescue team and strengthening the building of fire rescue force. The fire brigade's comprehensive emergency rescue function will eventually become an inevitable choice for all levels of government to build an emergency rescue system.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號】：D631.6

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

1 楊雋;董希琳;郭其云;趙桂民;;論公安消防部隊?wèi)?yīng)急救援力量的法律主體地位[J];消防科學(xué)與技術(shù);2011年01期

2 康青春;馬寶磊;張松;;構(gòu)建我國消防應(yīng)急救援指揮體系的探討[J];中國安全科學(xué)學(xué)報;2010年02期

相關(guān)會議論文 前2條

1 楊雋;董希琳;趙桂民;郭其云;;論消防部隊作為應(yīng)急救援力量的法律地位[A];2011中國消防協(xié)會科學(xué)技術(shù)年會論文集[C];2011年

2 朱義;蔣旭東;朱峗;;縣級公安消防中隊搶險救援消防車功能配備研究[A];2012中國消防協(xié)會科學(xué)技術(shù)年會論文集（下）[C];2012年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前3條

1 梁寶玉;城鎮(zhèn)消防模式及發(fā)展探討[D];大連海事大學(xué);2011年

2 張坤;公安消防部隊綜合應(yīng)急救援能力建設(shè)[D];中國政法大學(xué);2010年

3 徐莉蓉;公安消防部隊的社會應(yīng)急救援功能研究[D];南昌大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號：1712945