【摘要】：水電能源作為綠色無(wú)污染能源之一,得到了高度重視與大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)。水電工程建設(shè)中涉及大量的隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破,爆破開(kāi)挖誘發(fā)的圍巖振動(dòng)及其影響一直是巖土工程界重點(diǎn)關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之一,全面分析隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破誘發(fā)的圍巖振動(dòng)特性對(duì)于優(yōu)化隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破設(shè)計(jì)、改進(jìn)爆破施工工藝以及控制工程災(zāi)害等方面都有重要理論意義和工程應(yīng)用價(jià)值。論文針對(duì)隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破中地應(yīng)力卸載誘發(fā)振動(dòng)、爆炸荷載與地應(yīng)力瞬態(tài)卸載耦合作用誘發(fā)振動(dòng)和爆破空氣沖擊波誘發(fā)振動(dòng)的機(jī)理及振動(dòng)特性等問(wèn)題,采用理論分析與數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的方法研究了隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破誘發(fā)的圍巖振動(dòng)特性。論文的主要工作和研究成果如下:(1)結(jié)合瞬態(tài)卸荷理論和瀑布溝水電站1#尾水洞實(shí)測(cè)爆破振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù),討論了地應(yīng)力卸載誘發(fā)圍巖振動(dòng)的產(chǎn)生機(jī)理及特性。得到開(kāi)挖面地應(yīng)力在爆破過(guò)程中瞬態(tài)卸載產(chǎn)生較大附加動(dòng)應(yīng)力,誘發(fā)地震波在圍巖中傳播時(shí)產(chǎn)生振動(dòng)。地應(yīng)力卸載誘發(fā)的振動(dòng)頻率低,與爆炸荷載誘發(fā)振動(dòng)分布在高低差別明顯的兩個(gè)頻率帶,振動(dòng)峰值在開(kāi)挖面近區(qū)小于爆炸荷載誘發(fā)振動(dòng)的峰值,在遠(yuǎn)區(qū)大小相當(dāng),并隨著地應(yīng)力值和開(kāi)挖面面積的增大而增大;(2)基于拉格朗日侵蝕算法,數(shù)值模擬了不同地應(yīng)力條件下巖體爆破裂紋的擴(kuò)展過(guò)程,研究了爆炸荷載和地應(yīng)力卸載耦合作用誘發(fā)的圍巖振動(dòng)特性。結(jié)果表明,較低地應(yīng)力條件下,爆破振動(dòng)主要由爆炸荷載誘發(fā),振動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間較短,峰值較小;中高地應(yīng)力條件下,振動(dòng)持續(xù)時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),振動(dòng)信號(hào)突變較為頻繁,峰值隨地應(yīng)力水平的提高而增大,振動(dòng)能量隨頻率分布在高低差別明顯的兩個(gè)頻帶,較低頻帶的能量比例隨地應(yīng)力增大而增加;不同側(cè)壓力系數(shù)條件下,隨著側(cè)壓力系數(shù)增大,振動(dòng)峰值在地應(yīng)力增大的方向上明顯增大;比較高低地應(yīng)力條件下的振動(dòng)特性,地應(yīng)力卸載的耦合作用增加了振動(dòng)的持續(xù)時(shí)間,增大了峰值,使振動(dòng)低頻部分增多;(3)基于河北豐寧抽水蓄能電站地質(zhì)探洞中的爆破試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),理論分析和數(shù)值模擬研究了隧洞開(kāi)挖爆破空氣沖擊波超壓誘發(fā)圍巖振動(dòng)的機(jī)理及特性。得到小斷面隧洞爆破空氣沖擊波超壓較大并將誘發(fā)圍巖振動(dòng),該振動(dòng)具有振速高、持續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)和衰減慢等特征�？諝鉀_擊波超壓誘發(fā)的圍巖受迫振動(dòng)發(fā)生時(shí)間受空氣沖擊波傳播速度控制。誘發(fā)振動(dòng)可分為空氣沖擊波超壓作用于前部圍巖產(chǎn)生并經(jīng)圍巖傳播過(guò)來(lái)的振動(dòng),和空氣沖擊波超壓傳播到圍巖壁面直接引起的振動(dòng),實(shí)測(cè)空氣沖擊波誘發(fā)的振動(dòng)主要是由于空氣沖擊波超壓直接作用于洞壁圍巖造成的振動(dòng)。
[Abstract]:As one of the green and pollution-free energy sources, hydropower energy has been highly valued and developed on a large scale. In the construction of hydropower engineering, a large number of tunnel excavation blasting is involved. The vibration of surrounding rock induced by blasting excavation and its influence have always been one of the key problems in geotechnical engineering. The comprehensive analysis of the vibration characteristics of surrounding rock induced by tunnel excavation blasting is of great theoretical significance and engineering application value for optimizing the blasting design of tunnel excavation, improving blasting construction technology and controlling engineering disasters. In this paper, the mechanism and vibration characteristics of ground stress unloading induced vibration, coupling of explosion load and ground stress transient unloading and blasting air shock wave induced vibration in tunnel excavation blasting are discussed. The vibration characteristics of surrounding rock induced by blasting in tunnel excavation are studied by means of theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. The main work and research results of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the transient unloading theory and the measured blasting vibration data of No. 1 tailing tunnel of Pubugou Hydropower Station, the mechanism and characteristics of surrounding rock vibration induced by ground stress unloading are discussed. It is found that the transient unloading of the ground stress of the excavated surface produces a large additional dynamic stress and causes vibration when the seismic wave propagates in the surrounding rock. The vibration frequency induced by ground stress unloading is low, which is obviously different from that induced by explosion load in two frequency bands. The peak value of vibration is smaller than the peak value of explosion load induced vibration in the near area of excavation surface, and the size of vibration induced by explosion load is the same in the far area. It increases with the increase of ground stress value and excavation surface area. (2) based on Lagrangian erosion algorithm, the propagation process of blasting cracks in rock mass under different ground stresses is simulated, and the vibration characteristics of surrounding rock induced by the coupling of explosion load and ground stress unloading are studied. The results show that under the condition of low ground stress, the blasting vibration is mainly induced by explosion load, the vibration duration is short and the peak value is small. Under the condition of medium and high ground stress, the vibration duration is long, the vibration signal mutation is more frequent, and the peak and anywhere stress level increases. The vibration energy is distributed in two frequency bands with obvious difference in frequency. The energy ratio of the lower frequency band increases with the increase of ground stress. Under the condition of different lateral pressure coefficients, with the increase of lateral pressure coefficient, the peak value of vibration increases obviously in the direction of the increase of ground stress. Compared with the vibration characteristics under the condition of high and low ground stress, the coupling effect of ground stress unloading increases the duration of vibration, increases the peak value, and increases the low frequency part of vibration. (3) based on the blasting test data in the geological exploration tunnel of Fengning pumped Storage Power Station in Hebei Province, the mechanism and characteristics of surrounding rock vibration induced by overpressure of blasting air shock wave in tunnel excavation are studied by theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. It is obtained that the overpressure of air shock wave in small section tunnel blasting is large and will induce the vibration of surrounding rock. The vibration has the characteristics of high vibration speed, long duration and slow attenuation. The occurrence time of forced vibration of surrounding rock induced by air shock wave overpressure is controlled by the propagation velocity of air shock wave. The induced vibration can be divided into the vibration caused by the overpressure of the air shock wave acting on the front surrounding rock and propagating through the surrounding rock, and the vibration caused directly by the overpressure of the air shock wave to the wall of the surrounding rock. The vibration induced by the measured air shock wave is mainly caused by the overpressure of the air shock wave directly acting on the surrounding rock of the tunnel wall.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TV554

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