積石峽電站灌溉引水系統(tǒng)模型試驗(yàn)及數(shù)值模擬
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-04-10 19:49
【摘要】：我國(guó)水資源短缺，降水在時(shí)間和空間上分布不均，近年來工農(nóng)業(yè)迅速發(fā)展，供水需求逐漸增大，加上現(xiàn)存的水資源污染和水資源過度開發(fā)，加劇了水資源供需矛盾。水資源已經(jīng)成為制約人類生存和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的瓶頸因素。為緩解這種現(xiàn)狀，國(guó)家投入大量的財(cái)力、物力開展長(zhǎng)距離調(diào)水工程，重力流輸水因具有節(jié)約能源的特性得到廣泛的應(yīng)用，在條件允許的情況下成為長(zhǎng)距離輸水工程的首選方案。 本文針對(duì)積石峽電站灌溉引水系統(tǒng)輸水管網(wǎng)所涉及的輸水能力驗(yàn)證、異型岔管局部水頭損失、水錘防治措施等問題進(jìn)行了相關(guān)的模型試驗(yàn)、數(shù)值模擬及分析計(jì)算，為本工程設(shè)計(jì)階段相關(guān)技術(shù)參數(shù)的確定以及工程建成后的合理運(yùn)行提供了科學(xué)指導(dǎo)，相關(guān)成果可為同類工程建設(shè)提供參考依據(jù)。 通過對(duì)輸水主管線岔管節(jié)點(diǎn)附近上下游局部正態(tài)模型模擬以及管線其余部位概化模擬相結(jié)合的模型試驗(yàn)研究手段對(duì)各工況下的供水情況進(jìn)行了研究。模型試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明：積石山單獨(dú)運(yùn)行、民和縣單獨(dú)運(yùn)行、積石山與民和縣同時(shí)運(yùn)行三種不同運(yùn)行方式局部水頭損失系數(shù)在不同流量時(shí)基本穩(wěn)定；不同特征水位下，各供水形式管網(wǎng)的輸水能力均能滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，，設(shè)計(jì)方案可行。 在模型驗(yàn)證基礎(chǔ)上，應(yīng)用三維數(shù)值模擬研究岔管處水流形態(tài)及局部水頭損失系數(shù)，計(jì)算結(jié)果表明：各工況下得到的局部水頭損失系數(shù)與模型試驗(yàn)值最大差值百分比為14.45%，兩者相差較��；單管供水工況水流形態(tài)優(yōu)于雙管供水，積石山方向參與供水時(shí)岔管處產(chǎn)生較大漩渦，水頭損失較大。 基于物理模型及數(shù)值模擬對(duì)岔管處局部水頭損失系數(shù)的研究結(jié)果開展供水管線的水力計(jì)算，確定各管段的壓力分布情況，各特征水位下管道末端水壓在下游庫區(qū)水位處上下浮動(dòng)，且兩者差值在誤差范圍以內(nèi)，證明供水系統(tǒng)能夠達(dá)到供水能力的要求。 通過理論分析重力流輸水系統(tǒng)的水擊產(chǎn)生機(jī)理、水擊防護(hù)技術(shù)，在前人對(duì)水擊防護(hù)措施實(shí)施效果研究的基礎(chǔ)上，類比同類工程，提出了在已有設(shè)計(jì)方案（安裝排氣閥）的基礎(chǔ)上增設(shè)箱式雙向調(diào)壓塔或者減壓泄壓閥的水擊防護(hù)措施。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources in China, the uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space, the rapid development of industry and agriculture in recent years, the increasing demand for water supply, and the existing water pollution and over-exploitation of water resources, aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Water resources have become a bottleneck factor restricting human survival and social sustainable development. In order to alleviate this situation, the state has invested a lot of financial resources and material resources to carry out long-distance water transfer projects. Gravity flow water transfer has been widely used because of its energy-saving characteristics, and has become the first choice for long-distance water transfer projects under conditions permitting. In this paper, the model test, numerical simulation, analysis and calculation are carried out for the problems related to the water transportation capacity verification, local head loss of special-shaped bifurcation pipe, water hammer prevention measures and so on in the irrigation and diversion system of Jishi Gorge Power Station. The scientific guidance is provided for the determination of the relevant technical parameters in the design phase of the project and the reasonable operation of the project after completion, and the related achievements can provide reference basis for the construction of the same kind of projects. In this paper, the local normal model simulation of upper and lower reaches near the bifurcation joint of main line of water transmission line and the model test method of generalizing other parts of pipeline are used to study the water supply under various working conditions. The results of model test show that the local head loss coefficient of Jishi Mountain and Minhe County is basically stable when the discharge is different, and the local head loss coefficient of Jishi Mountain and Minhe County is basically stable when the operation mode is separate and Minhe County is running alone, and the local head loss coefficient is stable at the same time. Under different characteristic water level, the water carrying capacity of each water supply network can meet the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible. Based on the model verification, the three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to study the flow pattern and the local head loss coefficient at the bifurcation pipe. The calculated results show that the maximum difference percentage between the local head loss coefficient and the model test value is 14.45% under various working conditions. The difference between them is small; The flow pattern of single-pipe water supply is better than that of double-pipe water supply. When the direction of Jishi-shan is involved in the water supply, there is a large vortex at the bifurcation pipe, and the loss of water head is greater. Based on the physical model and numerical simulation, the hydraulic calculation of the water supply pipeline is carried out to determine the pressure distribution of each pipe section, based on the results of the study on the local head loss coefficient at the bifurcation pipe. Under the characteristic water level, the water pressure at the end of the pipeline fluctuates up and down in the downstream reservoir area, and the difference between the two is within the error range, which proves that the water supply system can meet the requirements of the water supply capacity. Through the theoretical analysis of the water hammer generation mechanism of gravity flow water conveyance system, the water hammer protection technology, on the basis of previous research on the effect of water hammer protection measures, similar to similar projects, Based on the existing design scheme (installation of exhaust valve), the water hammer protection measures of adding box type bi-directional surge tower or pressure relief valve are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV67;TV131.6
本文編號(hào)：2456076
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources in China, the uneven distribution of precipitation in time and space, the rapid development of industry and agriculture in recent years, the increasing demand for water supply, and the existing water pollution and over-exploitation of water resources, aggravate the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources. Water resources have become a bottleneck factor restricting human survival and social sustainable development. In order to alleviate this situation, the state has invested a lot of financial resources and material resources to carry out long-distance water transfer projects. Gravity flow water transfer has been widely used because of its energy-saving characteristics, and has become the first choice for long-distance water transfer projects under conditions permitting. In this paper, the model test, numerical simulation, analysis and calculation are carried out for the problems related to the water transportation capacity verification, local head loss of special-shaped bifurcation pipe, water hammer prevention measures and so on in the irrigation and diversion system of Jishi Gorge Power Station. The scientific guidance is provided for the determination of the relevant technical parameters in the design phase of the project and the reasonable operation of the project after completion, and the related achievements can provide reference basis for the construction of the same kind of projects. In this paper, the local normal model simulation of upper and lower reaches near the bifurcation joint of main line of water transmission line and the model test method of generalizing other parts of pipeline are used to study the water supply under various working conditions. The results of model test show that the local head loss coefficient of Jishi Mountain and Minhe County is basically stable when the discharge is different, and the local head loss coefficient of Jishi Mountain and Minhe County is basically stable when the operation mode is separate and Minhe County is running alone, and the local head loss coefficient is stable at the same time. Under different characteristic water level, the water carrying capacity of each water supply network can meet the design requirements, and the design scheme is feasible. Based on the model verification, the three-dimensional numerical simulation is applied to study the flow pattern and the local head loss coefficient at the bifurcation pipe. The calculated results show that the maximum difference percentage between the local head loss coefficient and the model test value is 14.45% under various working conditions. The difference between them is small; The flow pattern of single-pipe water supply is better than that of double-pipe water supply. When the direction of Jishi-shan is involved in the water supply, there is a large vortex at the bifurcation pipe, and the loss of water head is greater. Based on the physical model and numerical simulation, the hydraulic calculation of the water supply pipeline is carried out to determine the pressure distribution of each pipe section, based on the results of the study on the local head loss coefficient at the bifurcation pipe. Under the characteristic water level, the water pressure at the end of the pipeline fluctuates up and down in the downstream reservoir area, and the difference between the two is within the error range, which proves that the water supply system can meet the requirements of the water supply capacity. Through the theoretical analysis of the water hammer generation mechanism of gravity flow water conveyance system, the water hammer protection technology, on the basis of previous research on the effect of water hammer protection measures, similar to similar projects, Based on the existing design scheme (installation of exhaust valve), the water hammer protection measures of adding box type bi-directional surge tower or pressure relief valve are put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV67;TV131.6
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