尾礦庫瞬態(tài)潰壩下泄砂流演進(jìn)過程研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-01-19 17:47
【摘要】：尾礦庫是礦業(yè)生產(chǎn)的重要基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,也是一種具有高勢能的危險源。尾礦庫一旦發(fā)生潰壩,高勢能的尾砂流將傾瀉而下,給下游居民帶來嚴(yán)重的災(zāi)難。因此,對尾礦庫潰壩下泄砂流演進(jìn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)的研究,預(yù)測其可能造成的破壞影響,對防災(zāi)減災(zāi)工作和保護(hù)人民生命財產(chǎn)安全具有重要的意義。本文以馬家溝尾礦庫工程為研究背景,采用室內(nèi)相似模型試驗和數(shù)值模擬相結(jié)合的分析方法,對尾礦庫潰壩砂流向下游地區(qū)演進(jìn)的過程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的研究,并通過降低明渠渠底高程和擴(kuò)大渠寬等措施,以期能減輕潰壩砂流對下游地區(qū)的影響程度。本文主要的研究成果如下:(1)詳細(xì)全面的介紹了馬家溝尾礦庫庫區(qū)基本情況,并通過室內(nèi)土工試驗得出了尾砂的基本物理力學(xué)性質(zhì)參數(shù),為研究潰壩砂流的演進(jìn)過程提供基礎(chǔ)資料。(2)根據(jù)馬家溝尾礦庫的設(shè)計資料和電子地形圖,建立了室內(nèi)精細(xì)三維相似模型。利用該模型并運(yùn)用相似理論原理,開展了潰壩試驗。通過記錄和監(jiān)測尾礦庫潰壩砂流在下游地區(qū)的運(yùn)動過程,詳細(xì)的分析了潰口與明渠處的流量、潰壩砂流的演進(jìn)速度和到達(dá)下游地區(qū)沿程的時間、水流的水位高程、最大淹沒范圍和尾砂淤積,得到潰壩砂流的演進(jìn)規(guī)律。(3)基于水流N-S方程和RNGk-?紊流模型建立了三維水流潰壩模型,通過推移質(zhì)和懸移質(zhì)控制方程計算了尾砂運(yùn)動,運(yùn)用Tru-VOF技術(shù)追蹤水流液面的動態(tài)變化,模擬計算了馬家溝尾礦庫潰壩。將數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果與模型試驗結(jié)果進(jìn)行對比分析,結(jié)果表明:除潰壩水流演進(jìn)時間不滿足模型相似條件外,兩者所得結(jié)果的差異能夠滿足工程要求,驗證了Flow3D軟件能夠很好模擬計算尾礦庫潰壩等實際工程問題。(4)通過改變明渠渠底高程與渠寬,探討其對下游地區(qū)受災(zāi)程度的影響。結(jié)果表明:擴(kuò)大明渠寬度能夠大幅增大明渠的排水量、降低下游水流的水位、減小尾砂向下游地區(qū)輸運(yùn)距離;而降低明渠渠底高程對潰壩砂流向下游地區(qū)演進(jìn)的影響不大,減災(zāi)防災(zāi)的效果不佳。研究成果可為馬家溝尾礦庫的災(zāi)害預(yù)防和評估提供數(shù)據(jù)支持,也可為其他類似工程提供參考。
[Abstract]:Tailings reservoir is an important infrastructure for mining production and a high potential energy source. Once the tailings dam break occurs, the tailings with high potential energy will pour down, which will bring serious disaster to the downstream residents. Therefore, it is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation work and the safety of people's life and property to study systematically the evolution of sand discharge flow in tailing dam break, and to predict the possible damage effects caused by it. Taking Majiagou tailings reservoir engineering as the research background, this paper makes a detailed study on the evolution process of tailings dam break sand to the downstream area by using the analytical method of laboratory similar model test and numerical simulation. By reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel and enlarging the width of the channel, the influence of dam-break sand flow on the downstream area can be alleviated. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic conditions of Majiagou tailings reservoir area are introduced in detail, and the basic physical and mechanical properties of tailings are obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests. It provides basic data for studying the evolution process of dam-break sand flow. (2) based on the design data and electronic topographic map of Majiagou tailings reservoir, an indoor fine three-dimensional similarity model is established. Using this model and the principle of similarity theory, dam break test is carried out. By recording and monitoring the movement of dam-break sand flow in the downstream area of tailing reservoir, the flow rate at the break and open channel, the evolution speed of the dam-break sand flow, the time to reach the downstream area, the water level elevation of the flow are analyzed in detail. (3) based on the N-S equation of flow and RNGk-?, the evolution of dam-break sand flow is obtained. A three-dimensional flow dam-break model was established by turbulent model. The movement of tailings was calculated by bed load and suspended load control equations. The dynamic change of water level was tracked by Tru-VOF technique, and the dam break of Majiagou tailings reservoir was simulated and calculated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the model test results. The results show that the difference between the numerical simulation results and the model test results can meet the engineering requirements except that the dam break flow evolution time does not satisfy the similar conditions of the model. It is verified that Flow3D software can well simulate and calculate the dam failure of tailing reservoir. (4) by changing the height and width of the bottom of the open channel, the influence of the software on the disaster degree in the downstream area is discussed. The results show that enlarging the width of open channel can greatly increase the displacement of open channel, reduce the water level of downstream flow, and reduce the distance between tailings and downstream area. However, reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel has little effect on the evolution of dam-break sand to the downstream area, and the effect of disaster reduction and prevention is not good. The research results can provide data support for disaster prevention and assessment of Majiagou tailings reservoir, as well as reference for other similar projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV649;TV135
本文編號：2411598
[Abstract]:Tailings reservoir is an important infrastructure for mining production and a high potential energy source. Once the tailings dam break occurs, the tailings with high potential energy will pour down, which will bring serious disaster to the downstream residents. Therefore, it is of great significance for disaster prevention and mitigation work and the safety of people's life and property to study systematically the evolution of sand discharge flow in tailing dam break, and to predict the possible damage effects caused by it. Taking Majiagou tailings reservoir engineering as the research background, this paper makes a detailed study on the evolution process of tailings dam break sand to the downstream area by using the analytical method of laboratory similar model test and numerical simulation. By reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel and enlarging the width of the channel, the influence of dam-break sand flow on the downstream area can be alleviated. The main research results of this paper are as follows: (1) the basic conditions of Majiagou tailings reservoir area are introduced in detail, and the basic physical and mechanical properties of tailings are obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests. It provides basic data for studying the evolution process of dam-break sand flow. (2) based on the design data and electronic topographic map of Majiagou tailings reservoir, an indoor fine three-dimensional similarity model is established. Using this model and the principle of similarity theory, dam break test is carried out. By recording and monitoring the movement of dam-break sand flow in the downstream area of tailing reservoir, the flow rate at the break and open channel, the evolution speed of the dam-break sand flow, the time to reach the downstream area, the water level elevation of the flow are analyzed in detail. (3) based on the N-S equation of flow and RNGk-?, the evolution of dam-break sand flow is obtained. A three-dimensional flow dam-break model was established by turbulent model. The movement of tailings was calculated by bed load and suspended load control equations. The dynamic change of water level was tracked by Tru-VOF technique, and the dam break of Majiagou tailings reservoir was simulated and calculated. The numerical simulation results are compared with the model test results. The results show that the difference between the numerical simulation results and the model test results can meet the engineering requirements except that the dam break flow evolution time does not satisfy the similar conditions of the model. It is verified that Flow3D software can well simulate and calculate the dam failure of tailing reservoir. (4) by changing the height and width of the bottom of the open channel, the influence of the software on the disaster degree in the downstream area is discussed. The results show that enlarging the width of open channel can greatly increase the displacement of open channel, reduce the water level of downstream flow, and reduce the distance between tailings and downstream area. However, reducing the height of the bottom of the open channel has little effect on the evolution of dam-break sand to the downstream area, and the effect of disaster reduction and prevention is not good. The research results can provide data support for disaster prevention and assessment of Majiagou tailings reservoir, as well as reference for other similar projects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南昌大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TV649;TV135
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，本文編號：2411598
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