本文選題：城市化 + 中小流域��； 參考：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：伴隨著城市化發(fā)展,城市中小河流流域下墊面條件發(fā)生重大改變,且區(qū)域內(nèi)氣象環(huán)境變化和人類活動(dòng)加劇的影響,使流域產(chǎn)匯流條件較天然流域發(fā)生較大改變。洪水峰值變大、徑流總量加大、洪水歷時(shí)減少、徑流系數(shù)不斷變大等給城市河道的行洪安全都帶來了巨大的影響,由于山區(qū)特殊的氣候環(huán)境和地形地貌條件,使這種影響更為突出。傳統(tǒng)的水利推理公式和市政暴雨公式對(duì)城市化后中小河流洪水徑流模擬均存在各自的不合理性,故本文通過運(yùn)用SWMM模擬城市化后流域的產(chǎn)匯流變化情況以及出口斷面的設(shè)計(jì)流量,分析城市化對(duì)山區(qū)中小河流洪水特性的影響,為工程設(shè)計(jì)以及相關(guān)研究提供依據(jù)。論文以重慶市巴南區(qū)龍洲灣堰河為研究對(duì)象,城市化后研究區(qū)域下墊面條件及地形地貌均發(fā)生巨大改變,不透水面積比例由20%增加到65%,流域內(nèi)洪水特性發(fā)生了明顯變化。論文采用SWMM模型模擬城市化前后,降雨歷時(shí)為120min,重現(xiàn)期分別為5a、20a、50a、100a條件下產(chǎn)匯流變化情況,得到了城市化前后流域內(nèi)洪水特性的變化規(guī)律。通過模型模擬計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)比分析表明:(1)在不同的降雨情景以及重現(xiàn)期條件下,流域累積雨量徑流系數(shù)的變化趨勢(shì)是:降雨初期,徑流系數(shù)為零,當(dāng)降雨發(fā)生到某一時(shí)刻,累計(jì)雨量才從零逐漸增加,且增大的斜率越來越大,經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間后達(dá)到峰值,而后慢慢降低。(2)降雨重現(xiàn)期對(duì)雨量徑流系數(shù)的影響相對(duì)較小,不同重現(xiàn)期下同一子匯水區(qū)域的徑流系數(shù)相差較小,但用地布局的不同導(dǎo)致下墊面條件的改變,繼而對(duì)流域產(chǎn)匯流情況的影響是巨大的,開發(fā)后流域的蓄滯能力降低、徑流峰值和徑流總量均比天然流域狀況大。(3)在SWMM模型模擬計(jì)算流域產(chǎn)匯流時(shí),下墊面要素對(duì)其結(jié)果的影響十分明顯。其中,子匯水區(qū)域的特征寬度、透水性和不透水性粗糙系數(shù)N值即子匯水區(qū)域曼寧系數(shù)對(duì)模型產(chǎn)匯流計(jì)算結(jié)果影響較大,而坡度、不透水面積比、洼蓄值以及Horton下滲條件對(duì)結(jié)果影響的靈敏度相對(duì)較低。筆者還通過運(yùn)用水利推理公式以及市政暴雨強(qiáng)度公式分別計(jì)算研究區(qū)域規(guī)劃建設(shè)后的洪水徑流情況,并與SWMM模擬城市化前后研究區(qū)域區(qū)間洪水值進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析,得到了以下結(jié)論:(1)水利部門推理公式采用年最大值方法選樣得到對(duì)應(yīng)重現(xiàn)期頻率進(jìn)行暴雨洪水分析,而市政暴雨強(qiáng)度公式則采用非年最大值法即年多個(gè)樣法,其得到的是次頻率。與推理公式相比,市政暴雨強(qiáng)度公式的重現(xiàn)期較低,本文也總結(jié)了它們之間的轉(zhuǎn)換關(guān)系。(2)通過將推理公式與SWMM模擬城市化后研究區(qū)域區(qū)間洪水值相比較,并分析得出:推理公式主要適用于天然條件下中小流域洪水計(jì)算分析,當(dāng)下墊面發(fā)生巨大變化后,其計(jì)算得到的河道設(shè)計(jì)流量比實(shí)際值偏小,影響工程設(shè)計(jì)的安全性。(3)通過將市政暴雨強(qiáng)度公式計(jì)算值與SWMM模擬城市化后研究區(qū)域區(qū)間洪水值相比較,并分析可以看出,其主要適用于低重現(xiàn)期下小流域的降雨徑流計(jì)算,其計(jì)算得到城市化后山區(qū)中小河流設(shè)計(jì)洪水值較實(shí)際偏大。
[Abstract]:With the development of urbanization, the conditions of the underlying surface of the small and medium river basins have changed greatly, and the weather environment changes in the region and the influence of human activities aggravate the conditions of the basin production and confluence larger than that of the natural basin. The peak of the flood is larger, the total runoff is increased, the flood water duration is reduced, and the runoff coefficient becomes larger and so on. The flood safety of the road has brought great influence. Because of the special climatic environment and topography and geomorphology conditions in the mountain area, the influence is more prominent. The traditional water conservancy reasoning formula and the municipal rainstorm formula have their own unreasonable characteristics on the flood runoff simulation of the small and medium rivers after urbanization, so this paper simulates the urbanization flow through the use of SWMM. The influence of urbanization on the flood characteristics of small and medium rivers in mountainous areas is analyzed by the change of the output and flow of the region and the design flow of the export section. The paper takes the Longzhou Bay weir River in Banan District, Chongqing as the research object, and changes the underlying surface conditions and topography and landforms in the study area after urbanization. The ratio of water permeable area increased from 20% to 65%, and the characteristics of flood in the basin changed obviously. The paper used the SWMM model to simulate the urbanization before and after the urbanization, and the rainfall duration was 120min. The reappearance period was 5a, 20a, 50A and 100A, and the variation of the flood characteristics in the flow field before and after the urbanization was obtained. The results are as follows: (1) under the different rainfall situation and the reappearance period, the variation trend of the cumulative rainfall runoff coefficient is: the initial rainfall, the runoff coefficient is zero. When the rainfall occurs to a certain time, the cumulative rainfall increases from zero gradually, and the increase of the slope is increasing, after a period of time, it reaches the peak and then slow. (2) the effect of rainfall runoff coefficient on rainfall runoff coefficient is relatively small, and the difference of runoff coefficient between the same subregion of the same subregion is small, but the difference of land use distribution leads to the change of the underlying surface condition, and the influence on the runoff yield is great. The total runoff is larger than that of the natural basin. (3) the influence of the underlying surface elements on the runoff yield is very obvious when the SWMM model is simulated and calculated. Among them, the characteristic width of the subwater area, the permeability and the N value of the water permeability roughness coefficient, that is, the Manning coefficient of the subwater area, have great influence on the result of the model runoff. The sensitivity of the impermeable area ratio, the depressions value and the Horton infiltration condition to the result is relatively low. By using the water conservancy inference formula and the municipal rainstorm intensity formula, the author calculates the flood runoff in the area planning and construction respectively, and compares the flood value with the regional interval of the SWMM simulation before the urbanization. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) the reasoning formula of the water conservancy department uses the annual maximum method to obtain the frequency of the corresponding recurrence period to analyze the rainstorm and flood, while the municipal rainstorm intensity formula uses the non annual maximum value method, that is, the annual multiple sample method, which is the secondary frequency. Compared with the reasoning formula, the recurrence period of the municipal rainstorm intensity formula is lower. The paper also sums up the transformation relations between them. (2) by comparing the reasoning formula with the SWMM simulation of the flood value in the regional interval, the inference formula is mainly applied to the flood calculation and analysis of the small and medium river basin under natural conditions. The flow of the river design is compared with the actual calculation. The value is small, which affects the safety of engineering design. (3) by comparing the calculated value of the municipal rainstorm intensity formula with the flood value of the SWMM simulated urban area, it can be found that it is mainly applicable to the calculation of the rainfall runoff in the small watershed under the low recurrence period, and the calculation of the design flood value of the small and medium rivers in the mountainous area after the urbanization is compared. The reality is big.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TV122

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