發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-04-22 13:23

  本文選題：流域 + 水資源　； 參考：《太原理工大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著人口的增長(zhǎng)、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展和人民生活水平的提高,人們對(duì)水資源數(shù)量和質(zhì)量的要求越來(lái)越高,而可利用的水資源是有限的。在我國(guó),水資源浪費(fèi)、水資源污染與水資源短缺日益嚴(yán)重。突出的水資源供需矛盾和生態(tài)環(huán)境問(wèn)題已經(jīng)成為制約我國(guó)絕大部分地區(qū)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展和人們生活質(zhì)量提高的的重要因素,所以對(duì)水資源實(shí)行優(yōu)化配置、提高水資源的利用效率、實(shí)現(xiàn)水資源的可持續(xù)發(fā)展是21世紀(jì)水利工作者面臨的重大任務(wù)。 瀟河是汾河的第二大支流,屬于黃河流域。隨著瀟河流域范圍內(nèi)的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)、國(guó)民生活質(zhì)量等各方面的快速發(fā)展和提高,對(duì)水資源的需求量也日益增多,使得瀟河流域水資源問(wèn)題日趨突出。因此,瀟河流域水資源可持續(xù)利用集成技術(shù)研究對(duì)瀟河流域的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)和生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)展有著重大意義。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)收集到的瀟河流域內(nèi)的各種相關(guān)觀測(cè)、試驗(yàn)、調(diào)查統(tǒng)計(jì)資料及報(bào)告進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,深入分析了流域內(nèi)的水資源特點(diǎn)、水資源供需平衡、開發(fā)利用情況及存在的一些問(wèn)題,基于瀟河流域水資源的綜合分析,有針對(duì)性的提出了關(guān)于瀟河流域水資源可持續(xù)利用的有效對(duì)策及相關(guān)高效集成技術(shù)。論文主要包括以下內(nèi)容： (1)對(duì)我國(guó)水資源特點(diǎn)和水資源開發(fā)中存在的問(wèn)題進(jìn)行了概述；系統(tǒng)的分析國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)水資源可持續(xù)思想形成的過(guò)程及可持續(xù)的涵義與原則,為論文的進(jìn)一步研究打下理論基礎(chǔ)； (2)對(duì)瀟河流域整個(gè)自然環(huán)境概況、社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展概況和水資源開發(fā)利用情況進(jìn)行了簡(jiǎn)要分析。流域內(nèi)不同的部門按照農(nóng)業(yè)用水、工業(yè)用水、生活用水、生態(tài)用水四個(gè)方面對(duì)水資源需水情況進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè),通過(guò)流域水資源供需平衡分析,現(xiàn)狀年50%保證率下瀟河流域需水總量為20737.33萬(wàn)m3,而流域可供水資源總量為15897萬(wàn)m3。在50%保證率下缺水率為23.3%,75%保證率下缺水率達(dá)到39.9%,由此可以看出瀟河流域水資源供需矛盾十分尖銳。 (3)結(jié)合瀟河流域水資源利用過(guò)程中的實(shí)際情況,分析瀟河流域的水資源存在的問(wèn)題,以實(shí)現(xiàn)瀟河流域水資源可持續(xù)利用為目標(biāo),提出一系列的高效用水對(duì)策： a.適度發(fā)展上游流域農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉。通過(guò)對(duì)瀟河流域上下游實(shí)際情況的分析研究,上游地區(qū)人口密度偏小,種植面積也比較少。由于農(nóng)業(yè)耕作中化學(xué)肥料、農(nóng)藥的使用會(huì)對(duì)地下水資源造成污染,而流域的上游地區(qū)地下水污染會(huì)對(duì)整個(gè)流域的地下水也產(chǎn)生一定的不利影響,因此為了瀟河流域水資源、水環(huán)境的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,不適宜對(duì)上游區(qū)域農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉進(jìn)行深度的開發(fā)利用,適度發(fā)展上游農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉對(duì)流域的可持續(xù)發(fā)展有很大意義； b.引洪補(bǔ)源措施。引用汛期洪水補(bǔ)源、將洪水蓄存于土壤水庫(kù)和地下水庫(kù),通過(guò)自然滲漏能力補(bǔ)給地下水。利用干涸的河床、渠道及骨干排水系統(tǒng)引水、蓄水,利用自然沖溝、坑塘、洼地建設(shè)塘堰或平原水庫(kù),利用古河道沙地淹灌、耕地休閑期淹灌以及耕地作物的生長(zhǎng)期大定額淹灌,增加滲漏量。在砂礫層埋藏較淺的地方,利用大口井及廊道,把經(jīng)過(guò)凈化處理的水流直接向地下水含水層灌注等。 c.污水資源化。瀟河流域榆次區(qū)建立的一座正陽(yáng)污水處理廠將城市污水經(jīng)過(guò)處理和凈化后,產(chǎn)生數(shù)量巨大的的再生水資源量。這些再生水資源可以被用作環(huán)境美化,城市綠化灌溉,灑水車沖洗城市,甚至是農(nóng)田灌溉等等； d.雨水利用集成技術(shù)。由于建筑物的屋面收集到的雨水水質(zhì)沒(méi)有受到二次污染,雨水凈流量相對(duì)較大,而且雨水的收集也很方便,是最普遍的收集雨水方式。通過(guò)雨水收集工程可以將城市下水道系統(tǒng)或者建筑物屋頂、院落雨水集流,再進(jìn)行利用； e.地表水、地下水聯(lián)合調(diào)度集成技術(shù)。井渠通過(guò)在工程上、時(shí)間上、空間上的結(jié)合,對(duì)地表水、地下水進(jìn)行聯(lián)合調(diào)度,從而高效利用水資源； f.通過(guò)農(nóng)藝措施、工程措施、管理措施節(jié)約農(nóng)業(yè)灌溉用水,使農(nóng)田灌溉從以前用水浪費(fèi)的不節(jié)約管理模式向節(jié)約用水管理模式的轉(zhuǎn)變。 本文通過(guò)分析瀟河流域水資源現(xiàn)狀提出關(guān)于流域水資源可持續(xù)利用的相關(guān)對(duì)策,為瀟河流域水資源的可持續(xù)利用及流域地區(qū)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供了有益參考,具備重要的理論意義與實(shí)際價(jià)值。
[Abstract]:With the increase of population , the development of social economy and the improvement of people ' s living standards , the demand for water resources quantity and quality is more and more serious , and the water resources available are limited . In China , water resources waste , water pollution and water shortage are becoming more serious .

Xiaohe River is the second largest tributary of Fenhe River , and belongs to the Yellow River Basin . With the rapid development and improvement of the social , economic and national quality of life in the range of Xiaohe River Basin , the demand for water resources is increasing . Therefore , the water resources sustainable utilization integration technology of Xiaohe River Basin is of great significance to the socio - economic and ecological environment development of Xiaohe River Basin .

Based on the comprehensive analysis of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , this paper puts forward some effective countermeasures for the sustainable use of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin and relevant high - efficiency integrated technology . The paper mainly includes the following :

( 1 ) The characteristics of water resources and the problems existing in the development of water resources are summarized ;
The system analyzes the process and the sustainable meaning and principle of sustainable thought of water resources at home and abroad , and lays a theoretical foundation for the further study of the thesis .


( 2 ) The general situation of the whole natural environment , the general situation of social and economic development and the exploitation and utilization of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin are briefly analyzed . The water demand in the river basin is estimated to be 20738.33 million m3 according to four aspects of agricultural water , industrial water , domestic water and ecological water . The total water requirement of the river basin is 158.33 million m3 . The water shortage rate at 50 % guarantee rate is 23.3 % , and the water shortage rate at 75 % guarantee rate reaches 39.9 % . Therefore , it can be seen that the contradiction between water supply and demand in Xiaohe river basin is very sharp .

( 3 ) According to the actual situation of water resources utilization in Xiaohe River Basin , the problems of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin are analyzed to meet the goal of sustainable utilization of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , and a series of high - efficient water - water countermeasures are put forward :

Through the analysis of the actual situation on the upper and lower reaches of Xiaohe river basin , the population density in the upstream area is small and the planting area is less . Because of the chemical fertilizer in the agricultural cultivation , the groundwater pollution in the upper reaches of the river basin can cause a certain adverse effect on the groundwater resources in the whole basin . Therefore , the sustainable development of the agricultural irrigation in the upstream area is not suitable for the sustainable development of the water resources and the water environment in the upstream area , so that the sustainable development of the upstream agricultural irrigation is very significant to the sustainable development of the basin ;


b . Flood compensation measures are adopted . The flood supplement source is used to store the flood in the soil reservoir and the underground reservoir and recharge the ground water through the natural seepage capacity . The dry river bed , the channel and the backbone drainage system are used for water diversion , water storage , natural gully , pit pond and low - lying land to build the pond or plain reservoir .

c . Wastewater reclamation . A Zhengyang sewage treatment plant established in the Yulin district of Xiaohe River basin will produce a large quantity of reclaimed water resources after being treated and purified . These reclaimed water resources can be used as environmental beautification , urban greening irrigation , watering car washing cities , even agricultural irrigation and so on ;


d . the rainwater utilization integration technology . Because the rainwater quality collected by the roof of the building is not polluted by secondary pollution , the water purifying flow of the rainwater is relatively large , the rainwater collection is convenient , and the rainwater collection is the most common way of collecting rainwater .


e . Surface water and underground water combined dispatching integration technology . Through the combination of surface water and groundwater in engineering , time and space , water resources are effectively utilized ;


f . To save agricultural irrigation water by means of agronomic measures , engineering measures and management measures , so that the transformation of farmland irrigation from the non - saving management mode which was previously wasted water to the management mode of water conservation .

Based on the analysis of the present situation of water resources in Xiaohe River Basin , this paper puts forward relevant countermeasures on the sustainable utilization of water resources in the basin , and provides a useful reference for the sustainable utilization of water resources in the river basin and the sustainable development of the economic society in the basin area .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：太原理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TV213.9

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本文編號(hào)：1787390