本文選題：航道整治　切入點：丁壩　出處：《重慶交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：航道整治是提高內(nèi)河航道等級、改善通航條件投資省、見效快的主要方法,束水丁壩是淺灘整治中最常見的整治建筑物。目前,對丁壩斷面上游河段的水位雍高區(qū)域及下游回水區(qū)域影響幅度研究較多,主要集中在平面區(qū)域,而對丁壩影響的水位、流量等垂向幅度還沒有得到很好研究。因此,開展束水丁壩在垂向上的影響幅度研究意義重大。本文采用二維水流數(shù)學(xué)模型、概化水槽試驗,開展不同類型實際典型淺灘整治中丁壩的影響幅度進行研究。通過對丁壩周圍水流特性進行分析和試驗,研究了丁壩幾何尺寸對流量影響幅度的變化規(guī)律,得到如下主要成果與結(jié)論:(1)對于水槽束水丁壩:丁壩對流速變化率α影響的極大值流量會隨著丁壩尺寸的變化而改變,不一定出現(xiàn)在丁壩剛好淹沒所對應(yīng)的流量,即整治流量,有可能會出現(xiàn)在更大的流量級。流速變化率α最大值主要出現(xiàn)在壩上水深超高0-2cm,流量Q=(50,100)L/s區(qū)間范圍內(nèi)。(2)隨著水槽流量增大,收縮斷面下移,流速變化率α減小,最大影響區(qū)域約在丁壩下游0-100cm之間。流速變化率α最大值出現(xiàn)對應(yīng)的流量與壩長無明顯相關(guān)性,而α最大值出現(xiàn)對應(yīng)的流量和壩高h呈正相關(guān);壩高h一定時,最大影響流量基本固定。定義了最大影響線,流量越大,最大影響線會向下游移動;丁壩的幾何尺寸對最大影響線無明顯影響。通過對半衰減流量Qbm與壩高h和壩長b的單因素分析的結(jié)果進行擬合,建立了矩形水槽束水丁壩半衰減流量Qbm與丁壩幾何尺寸的經(jīng)驗關(guān)系式,驗證吻合較好。(3)對三類典型實際淺灘控制單因素壩頂高程和壩長對來流量Q的影響幅度進行研究,控制單因素壩頂高程h和壩長b對來流量Q的影響幅度分析,確定了相應(yīng)淺灘束水丁壩最大影響流量和最大影響超高范圍。得出流速變化率α與來流量的關(guān)系、流速變化率最大值αmax與丁壩高程和長度的關(guān)系、相應(yīng)束水丁壩影響流量幅度與丁壩幾何尺寸及來流條件的經(jīng)驗關(guān)系式,驗證效果基本令人滿意。(4)分別對順直、彎曲和汊道淺灘擬定的工況進行數(shù)模流場計算,綜合上灘指標顯示船舶能夠自航上灘,并依據(jù)已得經(jīng)驗公式算出影響流量幅度,結(jié)合實際灘險成因分析,推薦了丁壩幾何尺寸。
[Abstract]:Waterway regulation is the main method to improve the grade of inland waterway, improve navigation conditions, and achieve fast results. Shuishui-dike is the most common regulation building in shoal regulation. At present, There is much research on the influence range of the upstream reach of the spur dike section on the uvula and downstream backwater area, mainly in the plane area, but the vertical amplitude of the water level and discharge of the spur dike section has not been well studied. It is of great significance to study the influence range of beam groin dam in vertical direction. In this paper, a two-dimensional flow mathematical model is used to generalize the flume test. The influence range of spur dike in different types of typical shoal regulation is studied. By analyzing and testing the characteristics of the flow around the spur dike, the variation law of the influence of the geometry size of the spur dike on the discharge amplitude is studied. The main results and conclusions are as follows: (1) the maximum flow rate of the effect of the spur dike on the velocity change rate 偽 will change with the change of the size of the spur dike, not necessarily in the discharge corresponding to the inundation of the spur dike, that is, the regulation flow rate. It is possible to appear in a larger flow level. The maximum velocity change rate 偽 is mainly found in the water depth of the dam between 0 and 2 cm, and the flow rate is within the range of Q=(50100)L/s. 2) with the increase of the flume flow rate, the shrinkage section moves down, and the velocity change rate 偽 decreases. The maximum influence area is about between the downstream 0-100cm of the spur dike. There is no obvious correlation between the maximum velocity change rate 偽 and the dam length, but there is a positive correlation between the corresponding flow rate and the dam height h, and when the dam height h is fixed, the maximum value of 偽 is positively correlated with the dam height h. The maximum influence flow is fixed basically. The maximum influence line is defined. The larger the flow rate, the more the maximum influence line will move downstream. The geometric size of spur dike has no obvious effect on the maximum influence line. The results of one-factor analysis of dam height h and dam length b are fitted with the half-attenuated flow Qbm. The empirical relationship between half-attenuation flow Qbm and geometry size of spur dike in rectangular flume is established. It is verified that it is in good agreement. The influence of single factor height and dam length on the flow Q of three typical types of actual shoal control is studied. Based on the analysis of the influence of single factor height h and dam length b on the incoming discharge Q, the maximum influence discharge and the maximum influence super high range of the corresponding shoal beam spur dam are determined. The relationship between the velocity change rate 偽 and the incoming flow rate is obtained. The relationship between the maximum velocity change rate 偽 max and the height and length of the spur dike, the empirical relationship between the influence amplitude of the corresponding beam spur dike and the geometry size and the flow condition of the spur dike, the verification effect is basically satisfactory. The mathematical model flow field calculation is carried out under the working conditions proposed by the bend and the inlet shoal. The synthetic beach index shows that the ship can sail on the beach by itself, and according to the empirical formula, the influence flow range is calculated, and combined with the analysis of the causes of the actual shoal risk, the geometric size of the spur dike is recommended.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：U617.91

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