本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市交通系統(tǒng)避震應(yīng)急疏散線路規(guī)劃方法研究　出處：《福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 避震疏散 交通系統(tǒng) 道路抗震可靠性 避難場(chǎng)所 疏散分配

【摘要】：城市抗震規(guī)劃是城市綜合抗災(zāi)救災(zāi)規(guī)劃中的重要分規(guī)劃之一，其中的避震疏散規(guī)劃（預(yù)案）是城市抗震防災(zāi)規(guī)劃中重要的組成部分之一。我國(guó)是世界上地震多發(fā)的國(guó)家之一，建立科學(xué)有效的抗震機(jī)制迫在眉睫。在設(shè)立了科學(xué)有效的避震疏散規(guī)劃基礎(chǔ)上，城市一旦發(fā)生突發(fā)的具有破壞力的地震災(zāi)害時(shí)，可以及時(shí)地做出反應(yīng)，抗震防災(zāi)指揮可以立即啟動(dòng)科學(xué)的避震疏散預(yù)案，能夠迅速組織城市居民按照避震疏散的預(yù)案有秩序的疏散至安全的區(qū)域（應(yīng)急避難場(chǎng)所），避免由于人員無秩序的疏散而引起的交通堵塞以及避難場(chǎng)所調(diào)度失衡造成混亂的局面等，進(jìn)而將地震造成的損失降到最低。 由于影響避震疏散規(guī)劃的因素復(fù)雜，其中最重要的是道路抗震可靠性和避難場(chǎng)所布局，目前我國(guó)有關(guān)城市交通系統(tǒng)應(yīng)急避震疏散規(guī)劃的研究大多數(shù)僅根據(jù)其中某個(gè)因素來研究疏散線路的規(guī)劃，例如目前很多城市僅僅以人口的分布以及避難場(chǎng)所的容量及布局來確定避難場(chǎng)所的服務(wù)半徑，從而忽略了道路應(yīng)對(duì)避震疏散的承受能力，而有些城市則僅根據(jù)對(duì)道路的抗震可靠性分析來確定道路的通行概率，從而選擇相對(duì)安全的疏散路線，而忽略了避難場(chǎng)所對(duì)疏散方向的決定作用。 本文結(jié)合避震疏散分配以及道路抗震可靠性兩方面進(jìn)行城市應(yīng)急避震疏散規(guī)劃的研究，即先根據(jù)城市人口分布以及避難場(chǎng)所分布和容量提出避震疏散分配的有組織疏散分配模型以及無組織疏散分配模型，，將城市人口合理的分配到相應(yīng)的避難場(chǎng)所，使得城市人口能夠盡可能全部分配到避難場(chǎng)所并且使得總疏散時(shí)間最短，然后根據(jù)道路抗震通行概率計(jì)算得到路段的“當(dāng)量長(zhǎng)度”從而規(guī)劃最優(yōu)疏散線路。 最后，以福州中心城區(qū)（二環(huán)內(nèi)）為例，結(jié)合衛(wèi)星遙感圖，利用GIS進(jìn)行地理信息采集，運(yùn)用Matlab對(duì)避震疏散分配模型以及道路抗震可靠性模型進(jìn)行計(jì)算，運(yùn)用GIS對(duì)規(guī)劃區(qū)域進(jìn)行空間分析以及數(shù)據(jù)分析，最后根據(jù)分析結(jié)果對(duì)疏散場(chǎng)所進(jìn)行合理的規(guī)劃并生成最優(yōu)的應(yīng)急避震疏散線路。
[Abstract]:Urban seismic planning is one of the important sub-plans in urban comprehensive disaster relief planning. The earthquake absorber evacuation plan is one of the most important parts in the urban earthquake prevention planning. China is one of the countries with frequent earthquakes in the world. It is urgent to establish a scientific and effective aseismic mechanism. Based on the establishment of a scientific and effective evacuation plan, cities can respond in time once a sudden and destructive earthquake disaster occurs. Aseismic and disaster prevention command can immediately initiate a scientific earthquake absorber evacuation plan, and can quickly organize urban residents to evacuate to a safe area (emergency shelter) in an orderly manner according to the earthquake absorber evacuation plan. To avoid the traffic jam caused by the disorderly evacuation of personnel and the chaotic situation caused by the imbalance of shelter scheduling, the damage caused by the earthquake will be reduced to the minimum. Because of the complexity of the factors affecting the evacuation planning, the most important factors are the seismic reliability of the road and the layout of the shelter. At present, most of the research on emergency evacuation planning of urban traffic system is based on one of the factors to study the planning of evacuation routes. For example, many cities only use the population distribution and the capacity and layout of the shelter to determine the radius of service of the shelter, thus neglecting the ability of the road to cope with the earthquake absorber evacuation. However, some cities only determine the road traffic probability according to the seismic reliability analysis of the road, thus choosing the relatively safe evacuation route, and neglecting the decision of the evacuation direction by the place of refuge. In this paper, the evacuation planning of urban emergency shock absorber is studied from two aspects: evacuation distribution of shock absorbers and seismic reliability of roads. First, according to the distribution of urban population and the distribution and capacity of shelter, the organized evacuation distribution model and the unorganized evacuation distribution model are put forward to distribute the urban population to the corresponding shelter reasonably. The urban population can be allocated to the shelter as much as possible and the total evacuation time is the shortest. Then the equivalent length of the section is calculated according to the road seismic traffic probability and the optimal evacuation route is planned. Finally, taking Fuzhou central urban area (in the second ring) as an example, combining with satellite remote sensing map, using GIS to collect geographic information. Matlab is used to calculate evacuation distribution model and seismic reliability model, and GIS is applied to spatial analysis and data analysis of the planning area. Finally, according to the results of the analysis, the evacuation site is reasonably planned and the optimal emergency shock absorber evacuation line is generated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：福建農(nóng)林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：TU984.116;P315.9

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