發(fā)布時間：2018-01-27 01:43

  本文關鍵詞： 齊齊哈爾管理局 農(nóng)業(yè)災害 保險　出處：《黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：農(nóng)業(yè)災害對齊齊哈爾管理局農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)造成了嚴重的影響，如何減災對齊齊哈爾管理局農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要意義。本文采取問卷調(diào)查法、經(jīng)驗總結(jié)法及分析總結(jié)的方法，對齊齊哈爾管理局近10年的農(nóng)業(yè)災害進行調(diào)查并提出減災措施。調(diào)查結(jié)果如下： 1、農(nóng)業(yè)災害類型主要有：春旱災害、夏澇災害、冰雹災害、生物災害。 2、農(nóng)業(yè)災害成因分析。干旱：一是受地理環(huán)境和氣候影響，二是降水量逐年減少，三是年度蒸發(fā)量過大。洪澇：（1）暴雨次數(shù)出現(xiàn)增多。（2）高水位持續(xù)時間長。（3）防洪工程標準低。（4）內(nèi)澇排水能力不足。（5）整體聯(lián)防能力不強。病蟲害：一是受異常氣候和農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境變化的影響。二是化學農(nóng)藥的頻繁施用。三是過分依賴單純的化學防治，造成綜合防治技術發(fā)展不平衡。四是防治基礎設施薄弱，，技術隊伍不穩(wěn)定。 3、農(nóng)業(yè)災害發(fā)生趨勢特點 干旱呈逐步加重的趨勢，洪澇災害發(fā)生在6月下旬到8月下旬，玉米、大豆病蟲害總體有加重的趨勢，水稻病蟲害有逐年減輕的趨勢；馬鈴薯病害中等至中等偏重發(fā)生趨勢。 4、齊齊哈爾管理局農(nóng)業(yè)防災減災體系構建 通過4個堅持原則，組建組織機構及規(guī)范運行保障體系，構建農(nóng)業(yè)防災減災體系的基本框架。 5、農(nóng)業(yè)防災減災的政策和技術措施保障 （1）加強農(nóng)業(yè)基礎設施建設，搞好水利，推進機械化帶動土地規(guī)模經(jīng)營；構建良好的農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境； （2）提高全局人民對生態(tài)建設和環(huán)境保護的認識，把生態(tài)建設和環(huán)境保護做為實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略的重要內(nèi)容納入議事日程。 （3）調(diào)整優(yōu)化農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟結(jié)構。抓好高產(chǎn)作物提質(zhì)；抓好特色作物增收；抓好國家安全食品生產(chǎn)基地建設。 （4）研究推廣避災減災工程技術，開展黑土區(qū)水土流失綜合防治，旱田節(jié)水灌溉技術，完善防洪除澇工程，病蟲害綜合防治技術工作。 （5）加快完善農(nóng)業(yè)災害保險制度。加大財政補貼力度，進一步完善財政支持政策，強化制度支撐，出臺細化規(guī)章制度，建立保護機制，優(yōu)化經(jīng)營環(huán)境。 （6）健全農(nóng)業(yè)災害指揮應急系統(tǒng)。
[Abstract]:Agricultural disasters have had serious effects on the agricultural production of Qiqihar Authority . How to reduce the important meaning of agricultural sustainable development of Qiqihar Authority is how to reduce the harm to Qiqihar ' s agricultural sustainable development . In this paper , a survey of agricultural disasters in the last 10 years of Qiqihar Administration is carried out and disaster reduction measures are put forward . The results are as follows : 1 . The main types of agricultural disasters are spring drought disaster , flood disaster , hail disaster and biological disaster . 2 . Analysis of the causes of agricultural disasters . Drought : one is affected by the geographic environment and climate , the second is the annual decrease of precipitation , the third is the annual evaporation capacity . ( 2 ) The high water level duration is long . ( 3 ) The flood control project has low standard . 3 . Characteristics of Occurrence Trend of Agricultural Disaster In late June to late August , there was an increasing trend of the disease and insect pests of corn and soybean , and the disease and insect pests of rice were gradually decreased year by year . 4 . Construction of the Agricultural Disaster Prevention and Mitigation System of Qiqihar Administration The basic framework of the agricultural disaster prevention and reduction system is established through the establishment of the organizational structure and the normative operation guarantee system . 5 . Policy and technical measures for agricultural disaster prevention and mitigation ( 1 ) To strengthen the construction of agricultural infrastructure , to do well in water conservancy , to promote the mechanization of land - scale operation ; to construct a good agricultural ecological environment ; ( 2 ) To raise the awareness of the global people on ecological construction and environmental protection , and integrate ecological construction and environmental protection into the agenda for the implementation of sustainable development strategies . ( 3 ) adjusting the structure of the optimized agricultural economy , grasping the quality of the high - yield crops , catching the special crops to increase and collecting , and grasping the construction of the national safe food production base . ( 4 ) To study and promote the technology of disaster prevention and mitigation , to carry out comprehensive prevention and control of soil and soil erosion in the black soil area , to improve the water - saving irrigation technology in the dry land , to improve the comprehensive prevention and control technology of flood control and flood control . ( 5 ) To accelerate the improvement of the agricultural disaster insurance system , strengthen the financial subsidy , further improve the financial support policy , strengthen the system support , introduce the refinement rules and regulations , establish the protection mechanism and optimize the operating environment . ( 6 ) Sound agricultural disaster command and emergency system .

【學位授予單位】：黑龍江八一農(nóng)墾大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S42

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