本文關(guān)鍵詞： 載磷保水劑 磷肥有效性 油菜 土壤水分　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：鄂東南年降水量充沛,但是季節(jié)性干旱較嚴重。干旱不僅限制了作物對水分的吸收,同時也降低了土壤磷的有效性。紅壤是鄂東南的地帶性土壤,具有強大的固磷能力。為解決紅壤干旱引起的磷的有效性降低的問題,人們進行了大量的研究,但大多單從提高土壤抗旱能力或磷肥有效性的角度出發(fā)。本研究試圖在提高土壤保水能力的基礎(chǔ)上同時提高磷肥的有效性。本研究以鄂東南的紅壤為主要試驗材料,試驗設(shè)計為:對照(CK,土壤中不施加磷肥和保水劑)、淀粉系保水劑(W,土壤中只施加無磷的淀粉系保水劑)、淀粉系載磷保水劑(WP,土壤中施加淀粉系載磷保水劑)、單施磷肥(P,土壤中施加與WP中所含磷素相同的磷肥)、淀粉系保水劑與磷肥(W+P,土壤中施加無磷保水劑和定量磷肥)五個處理,設(shè)置高中低三個水平。研究不同處理對土壤水分利用效率、土壤中有效磷含量、植株中磷素含量的影響。主要結(jié)果如下:1)施用保水劑或磷肥影響土壤的水分狀況及植株需水狀況。在間隔相同的時間段內(nèi),施加保水劑處理在試驗初期所需水分高于不施加保水劑處理,在試驗后期所需水分低于不施加保水劑處理,施加磷肥處理(WP、P、W+P)在整個試驗過程中對水分的需求量一直高于不施加磷肥處理(W、CK)。土壤的水分利用效率同樣受保水劑的影響,試驗初期保水劑處理水分利用效率較低,試驗后期保水劑處理水分利用效率較高。2)施用載磷保水劑能顯著提高土壤中的有效磷含量。在盆栽試驗條件下,單施保水劑對土壤有效磷含量無顯著影響,而施加磷肥(WP、W+P、P)對土壤中有效磷含量有顯著影響,并且,磷肥施加量越多土壤有效含量越高:油菜成熟時,WP、W+P、P處理高水平(水平2、3)下,土壤中有效磷含量分別為10.90 mg/kg、9.39 mg/kg、8.96 mg/kg,顯著高于無磷肥處理,也顯著高于低水平(水平1)處理(土壤有效磷含量分別為4.71 mg/kg、4.51 mg/kg、4.14 mg/kg)。室內(nèi)模擬試驗條件下,在土壤質(zhì)量含水量為20%-40%的水分條件下,載磷保水劑(WP)處理在試驗整個過程中大部分時間段內(nèi)其土壤磷素含量高于其余處理,并且時間越長差異越明顯。3)施用載磷保水劑顯著提高油菜對磷的吸收利用。單施保水劑對油菜植株全磷含量有一定影響,但影響不顯著,磷肥處理(包括載磷保水劑)對油菜植株全磷含量及油菜磷素的累積量均有顯著影響,各處理磷素累積量的大小順序為WPW+PPW、CK。較高水平的磷肥處理(水平2和水平3)的磷肥利用率顯著高于其它處理,且WP處理高于W+P、P處理,WP處理磷肥利用率最高達16.85%,W+P和P處理分別為14.06%、11.10%,水平1下WP、W+P、P處理的磷肥利用率分別為6.40%、7.12%、8.48%,顯著低于水平2、3。4)施用保水劑或磷肥顯著影響油菜的生長狀況。土壤中添加磷肥對油菜的根粗、莖長、葉片指數(shù)等都有顯著影響,對油菜生物產(chǎn)量也有顯著影響,并且WP處理對磷肥的緩釋作用,使得油菜苗期W+P和P處理油菜生物量較高,而到了試驗后期WP處理油菜植株干重最高,WP的經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)量達533.73 kg/hm2,同樣高于W+P處理(527.24 kg/hm2)和P處理(508.05 kg/hm2)。
[Abstract]:The annual precipitation in the southeast of Hubei Province is abundant, but seasonal drought is serious. Drought not only limit the absorption of water by crops, but also reduces the availability of phosphorus in soils. Soil is the southeastern Hubei area of soil, with the fixation ability strong. In order to solve the drought caused by soil phosphorus is effective to reduce the problem, people have done a lot of research, but mostly from improving drought resistance of soil or fertilizer effectiveness perspective. This study attempts to improve the effectiveness of phosphate fertilizer based on improved soil water retention capacity at the same time. In this study, red soil in southeast of Hubei Province as the main experimental material, experimental design: control (CK, soil in applying phosphate fertilizer and water retaining agent), starch water retaining agent (W, soil applied starch and phosphorus free water holding agent), starch phosphatic super absorbent polymer (WP, soil starch phosphatic super absorbent polymer), P (P, WP and soil In the same fertilizer, phosphorus element) starch water retaining agent and fertilizer (W+P, soil phosphorus aquasorb and quantitative phosphate) five, set the school three levels. The effects of different treatments on soil water use efficiency, soil available phosphorus content, phosphorus content of plants affected mainly. The results are as follows: 1) aquasorb fertilizer or affect the soil moisture and plant water status. In the same time interval, applying aquasorb required at the beginning of the experiment was higher than that of SAP apply water treatment, water is lower than the treatment applied at the end of the experiment, applying phosphorus fertilizer (WP, P, W+P) in the whole test process of water demand has been higher than that without applying phosphorus fertilizer (W, CK). The soil water use efficiency by the same effect of water retaining agent, water retaining agent for early testing of low efficiency of water treatment, the end of the experiment SAP with high water use efficiency.2) applying load phosphate additive can significantly improve the effective phosphorus content in soil. Under the condition of pot experiment, single aquasorb had no significant effect on soil available phosphorus content and phosphorus fertilization (WP, W+P, P) on the content of available phosphorus in soils have a significant effect, and the content of phosphate fertilizer, applying effective soil more higher: rape when mature, WP, W+P, P high level (level 2,3), effective phosphorus content in soil were 10.90 mg/kg, 9.39 mg/kg, 8.96 mg/kg, was significantly higher than that in non fertilizer treatment was higher than the low level (Level 1) treatment (soil the content of available phosphorus were 4.71 mg/kg, 4.51 mg/kg, 4.14 mg/kg). The experimental conditions of indoor simulation, the mass water content of soil moisture conditions under 20%-40% load, phosphate additive (WP) treatment in the test in the whole process of most of the time period of the soil phosphorus content is higher than the rest. The difference, and the longer the time, the more obvious the.3 application) carrying phosphate additive significantly improve the absorption of rape phosphorus use. Single aquasorb has a certain effect on the total phosphorus content of rapeseed, but no significant influence of phosphorus treatment (including loading phosphorus aquasorb) on the content of total phosphorus and phosphorus significantly affected rapeseed rapeseed plants accumulation both of the phosphorus accumulation in the order of WPW+PPW, CK. phosphate high level (Level 2 and level 3) the phosphate utilization rate was significantly higher than other treatments, and the treatment of WP is higher than W+P, P, WP phosphate utilization rate up to 16.85%, W+P and P respectively. 14.06%, 11.10%, 1 level of WP, W+P, P fertilizer processing utilization rate were 6.40%, 7.12%, 8.48%, 2,3.4) was significantly lower than the level of aquasorb fertilizer or significantly affect growth. P in soil on rape root diameter, stem length, leaf index etc. Have a significant effect, also have a significant impact on rapeseed yield, and WP sustained release of phosphate, W+P and P make the rape seedling biomass of rape is high, and to test the late WP processing rapeseed plant dry weight maximum economic yield of WP reached 533.73 kg/hm2, also higher than the W+P treatment (527.24 kg/hm2) and P (508.05 kg/hm2).

【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：S482.99;S143.2

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前8條

1 李娜;羅學(xué)剛;李萬利;;魔芋葡甘聚糖/丙烯酰胺薄膜的研究[J];高分子材料科學(xué)與工程;2006年02期

2 陳雪萍,翁志學(xué),黃志明;高吸水性樹脂的結(jié)構(gòu)與吸水機理[J];化工新型材料;2002年03期

3 田巍;李天一;白福臣;張春曉;;保水劑研究進展及應(yīng)用[J];化工新型材料;2009年02期

4 烏蘭;;高吸水性樹脂的吸水機理及制備方法[J];化學(xué)與黏合;2006年03期

5 羅志斌,馬煥成,饒龍兵;保水劑及其在林業(yè)上的應(yīng)用研究進展[J];林業(yè)科學(xué)研究;2002年05期

6 孔慶香;;高吸水性樹脂的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用[J];科技傳播;2014年01期

7 王文靜;王百田;呂釗;王明玉;張文源;舒鑫;劉金壯;;聚合物類保水劑對山杏水肥利用效應(yīng)的影響[J];水土保持通報;2013年05期

8 吳帆;陳洪凱;;高吸水保水材料研究現(xiàn)狀及趨勢綜述[J];科技創(chuàng)新導(dǎo)報;2014年29期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 楊浩;保水劑對黃綿土、褐土及沙土物理特性影響研究[D];北京林業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 劉玉貴;聚（丙烯酸—丙烯酰胺）保水劑的制備及性能研究[D];云南大學(xué);2013年

，

本文編號：1467181