【摘要】：研究風化殼淋積型稀土礦體的吸附特性,以及浸礦過程中稀土離子在浸礦液中的溶質(zhì)運移規(guī)律,對于提高原地浸礦稀土浸取效率具有重要意義。本文首先通過篩分獲得不同粒徑的稀土礦樣,測試各粒徑礦樣的離子相稀土品位、比表面積、表面形貌以及礦物成分等,分析稀土離子在礦體中的吸附特性;然后對不同孔隙比礦樣進行室內(nèi)常水頭柱浸試驗,分析孔隙比對資源浸取率和浸礦周期的影響,并依據(jù)穿透曲線計算滯留因子、水動力彌散系數(shù)。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)礦樣所含的主要礦物質(zhì)有高嶺石、電氣石、鉀長石、石英、白云母、石榴子石等,六種礦物總含量高達94.82%;不同礦物成分的粒度有明顯的差異,隨著礦樣粒徑的減小,高嶺石和白云母的含量增加,礦樣的稀土離子吸附量與高嶺石等黏土礦物的含量成正相關(guān)。(2)基于稀土離子在礦體顆粒表面凹坑的單位面積吸附量與孔徑和粒徑成對數(shù)正態(tài)分布,建立了稀土離子吸附量與礦體顆粒表面凹坑孔徑之間關(guān)系的分析模型,運用該模型計算得到贛南信豐某礦山礦樣的有效吸附孔徑為2.0~20.0 nm。(3)不同孔隙比礦樣的稀土資源浸取率均在90%左右;孔隙比較大的礦樣較易穿透,浸礦周期較短,尾礦中銨根離子的殘留率較高;延長頂水注液時間,可有效降低銨根離子殘留率。(4)不同孔隙比礦樣的溶質(zhì)穿透曲線延遲性不同:孔隙比較大,礦樣較易穿透,穿透曲線明顯左移;無反應的硫酸根離子的穿透曲線較參與離子交換與吸附解吸作用的銨根離子的左移。在水力梯度為1.1的條件下,當采用第一種注液方式時,不同孔隙比礦樣的滯留因子計算值均為1.16。
[Abstract]:It is of great significance to study the adsorption characteristics of weathered crust leaching rare earth ore bodies and the solute migration of rare earth ions in leaching solution for improving the leaching efficiency of in situ leaching rare earths. In this paper, rare earth mineral samples with different particle sizes were obtained by sieving. The ionic rare earth grade, specific surface area, surface morphology and mineral composition were measured, and the adsorption characteristics of rare earth ions in ore bodies were analyzed. The influence of the porosity ratio on the leaching rate and the leaching period was analyzed, and the retention factor and hydrodynamic dispersion coefficient were calculated according to the penetration curve. The results show that: (1) the main minerals in mineral samples are kaolinite, tourmaline, potassium feldspar, quartz, Muscovite, pomegranate, etc. The contents of kaolinite and Muscovite increased with the decrease of ore size. The amount of rare earth ions adsorbed by ore samples is positively correlated with the content of clay minerals such as kaolinite. (2) based on the logarithmic normal distribution of the adsorption amount per unit area of rare earth ions on the pits on the surface of ore bodies, the pore size and pore size of rare earth ions are logarithmic normal distribution. An analytical model of the relationship between the adsorption capacity of rare earth ions and the pore size of pits on the surface of ore bodies has been established. By using this model, the effective adsorption pore size of the ore sample of Xinfeng mine in south Jiangxi is 2.0 ~ 20.0 nm. (3) the leaching rate of rare earth resources of the samples with different void ratios is about 90%, the ore samples with large porosity are easy to penetrate and the leaching period is shorter. The residual rate of ammonium ion in tailings is higher, and the residual rate of ammonium ion can be effectively reduced by prolonging the injection time of top water. (4) the delay of solute penetration curve of mineral samples with different void ratios is different: the porosity is large, the ore sample is easy to penetrate, The breakthrough curve was obviously shifted to the left, and the breakthrough curve of the non-reactive sulfate ion was higher than that of the ammonium ion involved in ion exchange and adsorption and desorption. When the hydraulic gradient is 1.1, the calculated values of the retention factors of the samples with different void ratios are 1.16 when the first liquid injection mode is adopted.
【學位授予單位】：江西理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TD865

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