多核SMP集群并行計(jì)算的可擴(kuò)放性研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-05-25 00:30
【摘要】：隨著高性能計(jì)算技術(shù)的飛速發(fā)展,并行計(jì)算已經(jīng)成為提高計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)性能的主要方法,并行計(jì)算的可擴(kuò)放性也成為評(píng)價(jià)并行計(jì)算性能的主要指標(biāo)之一。但隨著高性能計(jì)算機(jī)系統(tǒng)規(guī)模的不斷增長(zhǎng),并行計(jì)算系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)日益復(fù)雜,編程困難、存儲(chǔ)量大、效率下降等一系列的問題大量出現(xiàn),以上問題都從不同方面降低了并行計(jì)算的性能,從而對(duì)并行系統(tǒng)的正常運(yùn)行產(chǎn)生了一定的影響。由此可見并行計(jì)算的性能不能隨著機(jī)器規(guī)模的增加而提升。現(xiàn)如今可擴(kuò)放性已成為并行處理中一個(gè)重要的研究問題,被越來(lái)越廣泛地用來(lái)描述并行算法(并行程序)能否有效利用可擴(kuò)充的處理器數(shù)的能力。因此,深入和全面地研究并行算法和并行機(jī)相結(jié)合的可擴(kuò)放性是對(duì)并行計(jì)算性能進(jìn)行合理、精準(zhǔn)評(píng)價(jià)的關(guān)鍵。針對(duì)以上情況,本文主要研究多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)并行計(jì)算的可擴(kuò)放性,可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則是研究并行計(jì)算可擴(kuò)放性的基礎(chǔ),建立合適的可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)方法,以實(shí)現(xiàn)并行計(jì)算性能提高的目標(biāo)。論文主要研究?jī)?nèi)容如下:首先,論文介紹了并行計(jì)算機(jī)體系結(jié)構(gòu)和模型以及多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)的體系架構(gòu)特點(diǎn),然后詳細(xì)介紹了可擴(kuò)放性的概念以及相關(guān)技術(shù),論文在深入分析典型的可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則的基礎(chǔ)之上,指出了它們的適用范圍和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)。其次,根據(jù)多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn),改進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)等效率可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則。分析了多核SMP集群中的處理器集合存在不完全等價(jià)的問題,為了解決不完全等價(jià)的問題,本文以最優(yōu)處理器集合的概念為基礎(chǔ),并對(duì)處理器集合的計(jì)算能力進(jìn)行定義,改進(jìn)了傳統(tǒng)等效率可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則以適用于多核SMP集群系統(tǒng),并分析了改進(jìn)等效率可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則,得出傳統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則是改進(jìn)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則在一定條件下的一種形式,以及改進(jìn)評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則與并行執(zhí)行時(shí)間之間的關(guān)系等重要結(jié)論。此外,在改進(jìn)等效率可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步研究了如何調(diào)節(jié)集群系統(tǒng)的節(jié)點(diǎn)間可擴(kuò)放性,為了并行算法盡可能地充分利用增加的處理器,選擇合適的網(wǎng)絡(luò)互聯(lián)結(jié)構(gòu),增加網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信帶寬,可以有效地減少通信延遲和計(jì)算延遲,進(jìn)而提高系統(tǒng)的性能。因此提出集群系統(tǒng)中基于帶寬的節(jié)點(diǎn)間可擴(kuò)放調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)概念,進(jìn)一步優(yōu)化評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則,從理論和實(shí)驗(yàn)方面分析了節(jié)點(diǎn)間可擴(kuò)放調(diào)節(jié)系數(shù)對(duì)系統(tǒng)性能的提升起到重要作用。最后,論文將曙光TC5000作為并行計(jì)算的實(shí)驗(yàn)環(huán)境,并在集群平臺(tái)上實(shí)際運(yùn)行矩陣相乘算法進(jìn)行擴(kuò)放性實(shí)驗(yàn),進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證改進(jìn)等效率可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則的有效性,對(duì)得到實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)的分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,此可擴(kuò)放性評(píng)價(jià)準(zhǔn)則較好的分析了多核SMP集群系統(tǒng)的可擴(kuò)放性,對(duì)于指導(dǎo)并行計(jì)算體系結(jié)構(gòu)完善,以及并行算法設(shè)計(jì)和改進(jìn)具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high performance computing technology, parallel computing has become the main method to improve the performance of computer systems, and the scalability of parallel computing has become one of the main indicators to evaluate the performance of parallel computing. However, with the continuous growth of the scale of high performance computer system, the structure of parallel computing system is becoming more and more complex, the programming is difficult, the storage capacity is large, the efficiency is declining and so on. The above problems reduce the performance of parallel computing from different aspects, which has a certain impact on the normal operation of parallel systems. It can be seen that the performance of parallel computing can not be improved with the increase of machine size. Nowadays, extensibility has become an important research problem in parallel processing, which is more and more widely used to describe whether parallel algorithms (parallel programs) can effectively make use of the number of expandable processors. Therefore, it is the key to evaluate the performance of parallel computing reasonably and accurately to study the extensibility of parallel algorithm and parallel computer deeply and comprehensively. In view of the above situation, this paper mainly studies the extensibility of parallel computing in multi-core SMP cluster system. The evaluation criterion of extensibility is the basis of studying the extensibility of parallel computing, and a suitable evaluation method of extensibility is established. In order to achieve the goal of improving the performance of parallel computing. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the parallel computer architecture and model and the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system are introduced, and then the concept of extensibility and related technologies are introduced in detail. On the basis of in-depth analysis of typical extensibility evaluation criteria, this paper points out their applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, according to the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system, the traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved. This paper analyzes the problem of incomplete equivalence of processor sets in multi-core SMP cluster. In order to solve the problem of incomplete equivalence, this paper is based on the concept of optimal processor set, and defines the computing power of processor set. The traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved to apply to multi-core SMP cluster system, and the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion is analyzed. It is concluded that the traditional evaluation criterion is a form of improved evaluation criterion under certain conditions. And some important conclusions, such as the relationship between the improved evaluation criteria and the parallel execution time, are also discussed. In addition, on the basis of improving the evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility, this paper further studies how to adjust the inter-node extensibility of cluster system, and selects the appropriate network interconnection structure in order to make full use of the increased processor as much as possible in the parallel algorithm. By increasing the network communication bandwidth, the communication delay and computing delay can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the system can be improved. Therefore, the concept of inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient based on bandwidth in cluster system is put forward, and the evaluation criterion is further optimized. from the theoretical and experimental aspects, it is analyzed that the inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient plays an important role in improving the performance of the system. Finally, the dawning TC5000 is used as the experimental environment of parallel computing, and the expansibility experiment is carried out by running the matrix multiplication algorithm on the cluster platform to further verify the effectiveness of the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion. The experimental data are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the extensibility evaluation criterion is a good analysis of the scalability of multi-core SMP cluster system, which is of great significance to guide the improvement of parallel computing architecture, as well as the design and improvement of parallel algorithms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP338.6
本文編號(hào)：2485325
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of high performance computing technology, parallel computing has become the main method to improve the performance of computer systems, and the scalability of parallel computing has become one of the main indicators to evaluate the performance of parallel computing. However, with the continuous growth of the scale of high performance computer system, the structure of parallel computing system is becoming more and more complex, the programming is difficult, the storage capacity is large, the efficiency is declining and so on. The above problems reduce the performance of parallel computing from different aspects, which has a certain impact on the normal operation of parallel systems. It can be seen that the performance of parallel computing can not be improved with the increase of machine size. Nowadays, extensibility has become an important research problem in parallel processing, which is more and more widely used to describe whether parallel algorithms (parallel programs) can effectively make use of the number of expandable processors. Therefore, it is the key to evaluate the performance of parallel computing reasonably and accurately to study the extensibility of parallel algorithm and parallel computer deeply and comprehensively. In view of the above situation, this paper mainly studies the extensibility of parallel computing in multi-core SMP cluster system. The evaluation criterion of extensibility is the basis of studying the extensibility of parallel computing, and a suitable evaluation method of extensibility is established. In order to achieve the goal of improving the performance of parallel computing. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the parallel computer architecture and model and the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system are introduced, and then the concept of extensibility and related technologies are introduced in detail. On the basis of in-depth analysis of typical extensibility evaluation criteria, this paper points out their applicable scope, advantages and disadvantages. Secondly, according to the architecture characteristics of multi-core SMP cluster system, the traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved. This paper analyzes the problem of incomplete equivalence of processor sets in multi-core SMP cluster. In order to solve the problem of incomplete equivalence, this paper is based on the concept of optimal processor set, and defines the computing power of processor set. The traditional evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility is improved to apply to multi-core SMP cluster system, and the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion is analyzed. It is concluded that the traditional evaluation criterion is a form of improved evaluation criterion under certain conditions. And some important conclusions, such as the relationship between the improved evaluation criteria and the parallel execution time, are also discussed. In addition, on the basis of improving the evaluation criterion of equal efficiency extensibility, this paper further studies how to adjust the inter-node extensibility of cluster system, and selects the appropriate network interconnection structure in order to make full use of the increased processor as much as possible in the parallel algorithm. By increasing the network communication bandwidth, the communication delay and computing delay can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the system can be improved. Therefore, the concept of inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient based on bandwidth in cluster system is put forward, and the evaluation criterion is further optimized. from the theoretical and experimental aspects, it is analyzed that the inter-node expandable adjustment coefficient plays an important role in improving the performance of the system. Finally, the dawning TC5000 is used as the experimental environment of parallel computing, and the expansibility experiment is carried out by running the matrix multiplication algorithm on the cluster platform to further verify the effectiveness of the improved equal efficiency extensibility evaluation criterion. The experimental data are analyzed in detail. The experimental results show that the extensibility evaluation criterion is a good analysis of the scalability of multi-core SMP cluster system, which is of great significance to guide the improvement of parallel computing architecture, as well as the design and improvement of parallel algorithms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TP338.6
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