高速公路波形梁護欄碰撞仿真研究及其優(yōu)化
本文選題:波形梁護欄 + 碰撞仿真; 參考:《湖南大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文
【摘要】:在我國高速公路交通事故中約有30%是由于車輛碰撞護欄造成的。由于高速公路車型格局在近年來發(fā)生了很大的變化,車型逐步的向微型化和重型化兩個趨勢發(fā)展。因此,在新的道路交通形勢下,研究汽車與高速公路護欄的碰撞機理,找出當前高速公路護欄存在的問題,并設(shè)法提高護欄的防撞性能具有十分重要的意義。 本文首先建立了標準波形梁護欄的有限元模型。在驗證了汽車有限元模型的可靠性后建立了汽車與護欄碰撞仿真有限元模型。其次,研究了皮卡車與護欄在不同起始碰撞點位置時車體合成加速度和護欄動態(tài)變形量的情況。在此過程中發(fā)現(xiàn),皮卡車與當前護欄碰撞時車體合成加速度超過了標準D81規(guī)定的20g限值,,引起乘員較大損傷。而卡車與當前護欄碰撞時出現(xiàn)騎跨護欄的危險情況。結(jié)合皮卡車和卡車與當前護欄的碰撞仿真結(jié)果,再根據(jù)護欄的評價標準D81、F83得出結(jié)論:當前護欄無法滿足防護要求。因此提出利用正交試驗對當前護欄進行優(yōu)化設(shè)計。之后,在選取合適的正交試驗因素及水平后對當前護欄進行參數(shù)優(yōu)化,得到了一個優(yōu)化方案,并驗證了優(yōu)化后的護欄的各項指標均有很大程度的改善,其性能滿足護欄評價標準D81、F83的要求。 最后將三波形梁護欄的H型鋼立柱和H型鋼防阻塊應(yīng)用于雙波形梁護欄上,建立了三種混合護欄的有限元模型,并利用皮卡車研究了其防撞效果。通過仿真分析發(fā)現(xiàn)三種混合護欄的車體合成加速度均大于標準D81規(guī)定的20g限值,說明三種混合護欄無法滿足護欄評價標準D81的要求。 本文的研究結(jié)論顯示,通過正交試驗得到的優(yōu)化后的護欄防撞能力優(yōu)于標準雙波形梁護欄,在研究了H型鋼立柱和H型鋼防阻塊應(yīng)用于雙波形梁護欄上的仿真結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),三種混合護欄無法滿足防護要求。本文的研究結(jié)果對于進一步改進我國當前使用的標準雙波形梁護欄具有一定的參考價值。
[Abstract]:About 30% of highway traffic accidents in China are caused by vehicle collision guardrail. Because of the great change of the freeway model pattern in recent years, the vehicle model gradually develops to miniaturization and heavy-duty. Therefore, under the new road traffic situation, the collision mechanism between the automobile and the highway guardrail is studied, and the existing problems of the highway guardrail are found out. It is very important to improve the anti-collision performance of the guardrail. Firstly, the finite element model of the standard corrugated beam guardrail is established in this paper. After verifying the reliability of the vehicle finite element model, the simulation finite element model of vehicle and guardrail collision is established. Secondly, the synthetic acceleration and the dynamic deformation of the guardrail are studied at different initial impact points between the pickup truck and the guardrail. In the process, it is found that the synthetic acceleration of the vehicle body exceeds the 20g limit specified in the standard D81 when the pickup truck collides with the current guardrail, which causes the occupants to be seriously damaged. When the truck collides with the current guardrail, the danger of riding across the guardrail appears. Combined with the simulation results of the collision between pickup truck and the current guardrail, according to the evaluation standard D81F83 of the guardrail, it is concluded that the current guardrail can not meet the requirements of protection. Therefore, the orthogonal test is used to optimize the design of the current guardrail. After selecting the appropriate orthogonal test factors and levels, the parameters of the current guardrail are optimized, and an optimization scheme is obtained, and it is verified that each index of the optimized guardrail has been improved to a great extent. Its performance can meet the requirements of the standard D81F83 for guardrail evaluation. Finally, three kinds of finite element models of mixed guardrail are established by applying H-shaped column and H-shaped steel resistance block of three-wave beam guardrail to double-waveform beam guardrail. The anti-collision effect of pick-up truck is studied. Through the simulation analysis, it is found that the acceleration of the three kinds of mixed guardrails is higher than the 20g limit specified in the standard D81, which indicates that the three kinds of hybrid guardrails can not meet the requirements of the evaluation standard D81 of the guardrail. The optimized guardrail with orthogonal test is superior to the standard double-waveform beam guardrail. The simulation results of H-beam column and H-shaped steel barrier block applied to the double-waveform beam guardrail are studied. Three kinds of mixed guardrail can not meet the protection requirements. The results of this paper have certain reference value for further improving the standard double wave beam guardrail used in our country.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號】:U417.12
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