本文選題：盾構(gòu)機 + 動態(tài)響應(yīng)��； 參考：《中南大學》2014年博士論文

【摘要】：摘要：液壓系統(tǒng)中的流體管道是承載物質(zhì)流、能量流、信息流的重要系統(tǒng)元件之一,管道系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計一定程度上影響著液控系統(tǒng)的功能。 在盾構(gòu)掘進液壓系統(tǒng)中,負載的突變、工況的變換會引起系統(tǒng)中流體狀態(tài)突變,從而產(chǎn)生流體壓力脈動。流體壓力脈動通過流固耦合誘發(fā)管道振動,造成噪聲污染,甚至導致管道破壞或機器失效。決定液壓管道系統(tǒng)動態(tài)特性的一個重要因素是復雜的流固耦合作用,而盾構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)中管道長、油壓高、工況與載荷突變,耦合效果十分復雜,傳統(tǒng)方法預測的液壓管道動態(tài)特性存在較大誤差(特別是管道長而約束弱時),由此設(shè)計的管路系統(tǒng)潛藏安全隱患。為使盾構(gòu)機獲得優(yōu)異的動力傳遞性能,深入研究流固耦合長管道效應(yīng)是十分必要的。 盾構(gòu)液壓系統(tǒng)的管道長可達100余米,流固耦合長管道效應(yīng)十分突出。長管道效應(yīng)由管道沿程壓力損失/能量損耗、油擊、管道振動等多種作用綜合形成。在管道效應(yīng)的三項構(gòu)成中,顯然流體和管道都不可能孤立起作用,必然是耦合的結(jié)果。長管道流固耦合效應(yīng)嚴重影響管道輸流特性和液壓系統(tǒng)控制特性,流固耦合也是抑制流體振蕩和管道振動必須計入的基本要素,因此流固耦合振動的研究是此類管道設(shè)計與運行控制中的核心。為此,本文開展了以下研究并取得了一些相關(guān)的新認識： 1)長管道液控系統(tǒng)動態(tài)響應(yīng)特性研究。盾構(gòu)液壓管道長,系統(tǒng)沿程壓力損失大、響應(yīng)滯后、能量損耗大,為改善響應(yīng)速度問題,本論文研究并提出了考慮長管道耦合效應(yīng)作用下閥控系統(tǒng)動態(tài)性能影響因素建模方法,通過仿真分析查明了管道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)和蓄能器參數(shù)對系統(tǒng)的影響規(guī)律；在此基礎(chǔ)上開展了以降低能耗為目標的實驗研究,得到了相關(guān)參數(shù)的量化關(guān)系。以管道壓力損失最小為目標,進行了管道結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計,確立了基于壓力損失的管道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)域空間。 2)液壓長管道流固耦合振動特性研究。根據(jù)波動理論建立了單跨管道傳遞矩陣。針對盾構(gòu)機液壓系統(tǒng)中管道長、多跨的特點,通過位移邊界條件、波動傳遞理論及流體連續(xù)性理論建立多跨管道場傳遞矩陣,據(jù)此可遞推多跨管道任意跨中的場傳遞矩陣�；谶@種認識,論文提出了可適用于多跨輸流管道復雜管道系統(tǒng)的遞推建模方法,該方法可快速計算系統(tǒng)中任意跨的場傳遞矩陣,為分析多跨復雜管道系統(tǒng)提供了較好的理論基礎(chǔ)和方法。建立了長管道振動判據(jù)；提供了基于避免耦合振動的固支數(shù)計算方法,進一步形成了固支數(shù)優(yōu)化計算模型,克服了以往依據(jù)經(jīng)驗選擇固支數(shù)的不足。 3)設(shè)計與搭建盾構(gòu)機長管道液壓實驗臺。自主設(shè)計、開發(fā)了專用研究實驗臺。實驗臺主要功能有：模擬盾構(gòu)推進系統(tǒng)的液壓長管道系統(tǒng)工作狀態(tài)；實驗校驗及修正所建立的關(guān)于流固耦合長管道效應(yīng)的數(shù)學模型；適用于開展在不同管道長度、不同管道約束狀況、不同外部負載、非穩(wěn)態(tài)運行情況下帶長管道閥控系統(tǒng)動態(tài)和靜態(tài)特征的實驗研究。為能實現(xiàn)各種功能,機電液集成設(shè)計中提出并實現(xiàn)了若干項有特色的技術(shù)模塊：負載和動力部分設(shè)計成對頂油缸裝置,形成大負載的模擬功能；多跨輸流長管道系統(tǒng)設(shè)計成蛇形排列、立柱可移動、固支可拆卸的形式,便于有限空間內(nèi)布置長管道、靈活改變管道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)；控制系統(tǒng)應(yīng)用模塊化和參數(shù)化理念開發(fā),使實驗過程能按預設(shè)程序全自動完成；通過配置合理的傳感器、數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)及振動分析系統(tǒng),發(fā)明了一種液壓長管系統(tǒng)振動效應(yīng)測試方法及裝置。 4)液壓長管道系統(tǒng)的振動實驗研究。對液壓長管道系統(tǒng)分別進行了實驗?zāi)B(tài)分析、工作振型測試和激勵源頻率特性測試,試驗表明：液壓長直管道固有頻率在低頻段較為密集；管道跨距對模態(tài)參數(shù)表現(xiàn)出規(guī)律性的影響：跨距越大,管道的梁模型特征越顯著,固有頻率越低,容易使管道結(jié)構(gòu)在動負載狀態(tài)下與外界激勵發(fā)生共振；通過增加支撐的方法可以降低管道跨距,顯著提高管道的固有頻率,但其導致振型變化的規(guī)律難以確定,不利于進行振動抑制。 本論文研究工作的創(chuàng)新性體現(xiàn)在： 1)針對盾構(gòu)液壓閥控系統(tǒng)管道長、液壓系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)復雜、滯后問題突出的特點,本論文通過仿真與實驗研究了管道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)調(diào)整和蓄能器調(diào)節(jié)對響應(yīng)滯后的影響規(guī)律,并提出了以壓力損失最小為目標的節(jié)能優(yōu)化設(shè)計方法。 2)建立了簡支輸流管道流固耦合傳遞矩陣模型,提出了多跨輸流管道傳遞矩陣遞推建模方法與長管道振動判據(jù),進一步形成了固支數(shù)計算模型,并結(jié)合仿真分析,凝煉了固支數(shù)優(yōu)化的理論基礎(chǔ)和原則。 3)構(gòu)建液壓長管道實驗臺的創(chuàng)新點：a.利用大推力可變負載的對頂油缸裝置實現(xiàn)70噸動力和多種負載加載狀態(tài)(突變負載、程控負載和慣性負載)；b.研制了多組合液壓長管系振動效應(yīng)測試裝置,實現(xiàn)了盾構(gòu)擬實復雜管道系統(tǒng)振動的測試。 上述研究成果為液壓長管道流固耦合特性研究、管道結(jié)構(gòu)參數(shù)優(yōu)化匹配提供了理論基礎(chǔ)、關(guān)鍵技術(shù)與實驗平臺支持。
[Abstract]:Fluid pipeline in hydraulic system is one of the important system components carrying material flow, energy flow and information flow, and the design of pipeline system affects the function of liquid control system to a certain extent.
In the shield tunneling hydraulic system, the mutation of the load and the change of the working condition will cause the sudden change of the fluid state in the system, thus producing the fluid pressure pulsation. The fluid pressure pulsation induces the pipe vibration through the fluid solid coupling, causing noise pollution, even leading to the pipeline failure or machine failure. The element is a complex fluid solid coupling effect, and the shield hydraulic system has long pipeline, high oil pressure, sudden change of load and load, and the coupling effect is very complex. The dynamic characteristics of the hydraulic pipeline predicted by the traditional method have large error (especially when the pipe is long and weak). Thus the hidden safety hidden danger is hidden in the design of the pipeline system. It is very necessary to deeply study the long pipeline effect of fluid structure interaction.
The pipe length of the shield hydraulic system can reach more than 100 meters long, and the effect of fluid solid coupling long pipeline is very prominent. The effect of long pipeline is formed by various functions such as pressure loss / energy loss, oil shock and pipe vibration. In the three components of the pipe effect, it is obvious that the fluid and pipe are not isolated and the effect of coupling is inevitable. The fluid solid coupling effect of long pipeline seriously affects the characteristics of pipeline transport and the control characteristics of hydraulic system. Fluid solid coupling is also the basic element to suppress fluid oscillation and pipe vibration. Therefore, the research of fluid solid coupling vibration is the core of the design and operation control of such pipes. New awareness:
1) study on the dynamic response characteristics of the long pipeline hydraulic control system. The length of the shield hydraulic pipe is long, the pressure loss of the system is large, the response lag and the energy loss are great, and the response speed is improved. In this paper, the modeling method of the dynamic performance of the valve control system under the effect of the long pipe coupling effect is studied and proposed, and the tube is found out through the simulation analysis. The effect of the parameters of the channel structure and the accumulator parameters on the system is studied. On this basis, the experimental research on reducing the energy consumption is carried out, and the quantitative relation of the related parameters is obtained. The optimization design of the pipeline structure is carried out with the objective of the minimum pipeline pressure loss, and the parameter domain space of the pipeline structure based on the pressure loss is established.
2) study on the fluid solid coupling vibration characteristics of the hydraulic long pipeline. According to the wave theory, a single span pipeline transfer matrix is set up. According to the characteristics of the length of the pipe in the hydraulic system of the shield machine, the multi span transmission matrix is established by the displacement boundary condition, the wave transfer theory and the theory of the fluid continuity. Field transfer matrix. Based on this understanding, the paper presents a recursive modeling method for complex pipeline systems in multi span pipeline. This method can quickly calculate the field transfer matrix of any span in the system. It provides a good theoretical basis and method for the analysis of multi span complex pipeline system. In order to avoid the calculation method of fixed number of coupling vibration, the optimization calculation model of solid number is further formed, which overcomes the shortage of selecting solid number according to experience.
3) design and build the hydraulic test bench for the long pipeline of the shield machine. Independent design and development of a special research test bed. The main functions of the experimental platform are: the working state of the hydraulic long pipeline system of the simulated shield propulsion system; the mathematical model of the long pipeline effect on the fluid solid coupling established by the experimental verification and correction; suitable for carrying out in different pipelines. The experimental research on the dynamic and static characteristics of the long pipeline valve control system under the condition of the length, the condition of different pipes, the different external loads and the unsteady state operation. In order to realize various functions, some special technical modules are put forward and realized in the design of mechanical and electrical fluid integration. The multi span long pipeline system is designed to be serpentine, movable and detachable. It is convenient to arrange long pipes in limited space and change the parameters of pipeline structure flexibly; the control system applies modularized and parameterized concept development to enable the experiment process to be completed automatically according to the preset program; through configuration A reasonable sensor, data acquisition system and vibration analysis system have been invented to test the vibration effect of hydraulic long tube system.
4) the experimental research on the vibration of the hydraulic long pipe system. The experimental modal analysis, the working mode test and the frequency characteristic test of the excitation source are carried out respectively. The test shows that the natural frequency of the hydraulic long straight pipe is more dense in the low frequency section; the span of the pipe has a regular effect on the modal parameter: the greater the span, the pipe is more large. The more prominent characteristics of the beam model and the lower natural frequency, the pipe structure is easily resonated with the external excitation in the dynamic load state. By increasing the support method, the span of the pipe can be reduced and the natural frequency of the pipe can be greatly improved, but the law of the vibration pattern change is difficult to be determined, and it is not conducive to the vibration suppression.
The innovation of the research work in this paper is reflected in the following:
1) in view of the long pipeline length of the shield hydraulic valve control system, the complex response of the hydraulic system and the outstanding lag problem, this paper studies the regulation of the pipeline structure parameters and the influence of the accumulator adjustment on the response lag through the simulation and experiment, and puts forward the energy saving optimization design method with the objective of minimizing the pressure loss.
2) the fluid solid coupling transfer matrix model of the simple supported flow pipeline is established. The recursive modeling method and the long pipe vibration criterion of the multi span pipeline are put forward, and the calculation model of the solid support number is formed, and the theoretical basis and principle of the optimization of the solid support number are condensed with the simulation analysis.
3) the innovation point of the construction of the hydraulic long pipeline experiment platform: A. uses the top oil cylinder to realize 70 tons of power and load loading state (catastrophe load, program control load and inertia load) by using the variable load with large thrust load. The vibration effect test device of multi combined hydraulic long pipe system is developed to realize the vibration measurement of the complex pipeline system. Try.
The above research results provide theoretical basis, key technology and experimental platform support for the study of fluid solid coupling characteristics and optimization of pipeline structure parameters.

【學位授予單位】：中南大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：U455.39;TH137

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