【摘要】：地下水資源被人類(lèi)廣泛應(yīng)用。我國(guó)有大量的水資源,但人口眾多,人均用水量低于世界平均水平的四分之一,且地下水中硝酸鹽的污染嚴(yán)重,因此在我國(guó)水資源缺乏與惡化是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的環(huán)境問(wèn)題。微生物法處理硝酸鹽污水的優(yōu)點(diǎn)為高效率及低能耗。本實(shí)驗(yàn)的目的是通過(guò)批實(shí)驗(yàn)和柱實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)比研究不同固相有機(jī)碳源對(duì)反硝化的促進(jìn)作用,篩選出合適的固相碳源,為地下水硝酸鹽的修復(fù)提供理論依據(jù)。實(shí)驗(yàn)采用秸稈、麥麩、米糠、可生物降解塑料作為反硝化固相碳源,研究不同碳源的反硝化效果。實(shí)驗(yàn)分為兩個(gè)階段:第一階段為批試驗(yàn),主要研究固相碳源本身的釋放規(guī)律及反硝化過(guò)程中硝酸鹽氮、亞硝酸鹽氮、氨氮的變化情況,最終篩選出適合的固相碳源;第二階段為柱實(shí)驗(yàn),以麥麩、米糠、可生物降解塑料為固相碳源,對(duì)比三種固相碳源對(duì)硝酸鹽氮的去除效果以及在處理過(guò)程中亞硝酸鹽氮和氨氮的積累情況。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,在批試驗(yàn)中可生物降解塑料反硝化效果顯著,硝酸鹽氮的去除率達(dá)到99.5%,且氨氮和亞硝酸鹽氮的積累較少;其次是米糠,硝酸鹽氮的去除率為78.3%,而麥麩和秸稈作為碳源時(shí),去除率僅為29.9%和18.8%。另外實(shí)驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn),當(dāng)進(jìn)水硝酸鹽濃度在一定范圍內(nèi)升高時(shí),硝酸鹽氮的去除率會(huì)相應(yīng)升高。柱吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),可生物降解塑料對(duì)硝酸鹽幾乎沒(méi)有吸附作用,而麥麩和米糠對(duì)進(jìn)水硝酸鹽均有明顯的吸附效果。在反硝化柱實(shí)驗(yàn)的反應(yīng)初期,麥麩、米糠為碳源時(shí),由于其對(duì)硝酸鹽的吸附作用,導(dǎo)致硝酸鹽氮的去除效果較為顯著,最大去除率分別為97.7%、99.7%。當(dāng)可生物降解塑料作為碳源時(shí),硝酸鹽氮的去除效果跟批試驗(yàn)有顯著不同,去除率僅為33.3%,且亞硝酸鹽氮積累量比麥麩和米糠高,峰值可達(dá)8.5 mg/L,而氨氮的積累量始終較小,維持在0.91 mg/L左右。此外,以麥麩和米糠為碳源時(shí),硝酸鹽氮的去除率分別為66.4%和67.2%,亞硝酸鹽的積累量分別為0.15 mg/L和0.14 mg/L,氨氮的積累量分別為5.16 mg/L和6.17 mg/L。柱實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,米糠是最為適宜的固相碳源。
[Abstract]:Groundwater resources are widely used by human beings. There are a large number of water resources in China, but the population is large, the per capita water consumption is less than 1/4 of the world average level, and the nitrate pollution in groundwater is serious, so the lack and deterioration of water resources in China is a serious environmental problem. The advantages of microbial treatment of nitrate wastewater are high efficiency and low energy consumption. The purpose of this experiment is to study the promoting effect of different solid organic carbon sources on denitrification by batch experiment and column experiment, and to select the suitable solid carbon source, which provides a theoretical basis for nitrate remediation in groundwater. Straw, wheat bran, rice husk and biodegradable plastics were used as denitrifying solid phase carbon source to study the denitrification effect of different carbon sources. The experiment is divided into two stages: the first stage is batch test, which mainly studies the release law of solid carbon source itself and the changes of nitrate nitrogen, nitrite nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen in denitrification process, and finally selects the suitable solid carbon source. The second stage was column experiment, in which wheat bran, rice husk and biodegradable plastics were used as solid carbon sources to compare the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and ammonia nitrogen during treatment. The experimental results show that the denitrification effect of biodegradable plastics is remarkable in batch test, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen is 99.5%, and the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen is less. The removal rate of nitrate nitrogen was 78.3%, while that of wheat bran and straw as carbon source was only 29.9% and 18.8%. In addition, it is found that when the influent nitrate concentration increases in a certain range, the removal rate of nitrate nitrogen will increase accordingly. The column adsorption experiment showed that the biodegradable plastics had little adsorption effect on nitrate, while wheat bran and rice husk had obvious adsorption effect on influent nitrate. At the initial stage of denitrification column experiment, when wheat gluten and rice husk were used as carbon sources, the removal effect of nitrate nitrogen was remarkable because of their adsorption of nitrate, and the maximum removal rates were 97.7% and 99.7%, respectively. the maximum removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 97.7% and 99.7%, respectively. When biodegradable plastics were used as carbon source, the removal efficiency of nitrate nitrogen was significantly different from that of batch test, the removal rate was only 33. 3%, and the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen was higher than that of wheat bran and rice husk, and the peak value was 8. 5 mg/L,. However, the accumulation of ammonia nitrogen was always small, maintained at about 0.91 mg/L. In addition, the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen and nitrite were 66.4% and 67.2% and 0.14 mg/L and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, and the accumulation of nitrate was 0.15 mg/L, and 0.14 mg/L, respectively, when wheat bran and rice husk were used as carbon sources, the removal rates of nitrate nitrogen were 66.4% and 67.2%, respectively. The accumulation of ammonia nitrogen is 5.16 mg/L and 6.17 mg/L., respectively. The results of column experiment show that rice husk is the most suitable solid carbon source.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)地質(zhì)大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X523

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