水力負(fù)荷對(duì)硫自養(yǎng)反硝化處理微污染水的影響
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-26 12:16
【摘要】：近年來(lái)我國(guó)環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益突出,尤其是南方廣大湖泊水體的富營(yíng)養(yǎng)化污染問(wèn)題,其中氮污染主要體現(xiàn)為NO3--N超標(biāo)問(wèn)題。傳統(tǒng)的反硝化工藝因需要投加大量碳源,在該類水的生物脫氮方面存在局限性,故開發(fā)和發(fā)展新型生物脫氮技術(shù)迫在眉睫。硫自養(yǎng)反硝化技術(shù)因其不需外加碳源、無(wú)二次污染、污泥產(chǎn)量少、運(yùn)行成本低等特點(diǎn),成為處理該類水體的首選工藝之一,但目前該工藝的研究尚處于起步階段。本論文采用硫代硫酸鹽為電子供體的硫自養(yǎng)反硝化技術(shù),并結(jié)合生物濾池系統(tǒng),對(duì)微污染水體中NO3--N進(jìn)行脫氮處理,以期研究成果為實(shí)際工程提供技術(shù)參考。論文以脫除NO3--N為目標(biāo),主要研究了水力負(fù)荷對(duì)生物濾池脫氮效果的影響,探索了生物濾池的外形尺寸設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù),為硫自養(yǎng)反硝化生物濾池的設(shè)計(jì)和運(yùn)行提供了理論依據(jù),通過(guò)多組對(duì)照實(shí)驗(yàn),得出以下結(jié)論:采用厭氧污泥作為硫自養(yǎng)反硝化菌的接種污泥,馴化時(shí)間短,而采用剩余活性污泥作為硫自養(yǎng)反硝化菌的馴化污泥,系統(tǒng)中存在NH4+-N釋放問(wèn)題,TN濃度逐漸升高無(wú)降低趨勢(shì),馴化時(shí)間較長(zhǎng)。以兩種常見的陶粒作為反應(yīng)器的填料,在相同條件下連續(xù)運(yùn)行,兩個(gè)反應(yīng)器出水水質(zhì)基本一致,表明陶粒粒徑對(duì)硫自養(yǎng)反硝化系統(tǒng)影響較小。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了高徑比為5.7和16.1的兩個(gè)相同體積的反應(yīng)器分別所能達(dá)到的最短HRT和最大水力負(fù)荷,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),在水力負(fù)荷小于1.0m3/(m2·h)的運(yùn)行條件下,小高徑比的反應(yīng)器比大高徑比的反應(yīng)器脫氮效果穩(wěn)定,而當(dāng)水力負(fù)荷大于1.0m3/(m2·h)時(shí),大高徑比的反應(yīng)器比小高徑比的反應(yīng)器處理能力高、脫氮效果好;小高徑比的反應(yīng)器最短HRT、最大水力負(fù)荷分別為0.5h、1.0m3/(m2·h),且在此運(yùn)行條件下反應(yīng)器TN和NO3--N的平均去除率分別為83%和89%,而大高徑比的反應(yīng)器在最短HRT和最高水力負(fù)荷達(dá)到10min和6.0m3/(m2·h)時(shí),TN、NO3--N的平均去除率仍能維持在89%、94%左右;兩個(gè)反應(yīng)器穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行后,出水均未出現(xiàn)NO2--N的積累現(xiàn)象。對(duì)反應(yīng)器中的陶粒和污泥進(jìn)行SEM觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)各反應(yīng)器中的微生物均呈長(zhǎng)絲狀,主要在污泥中成團(tuán)生長(zhǎng),只有極少量的微生物富集在陶粒表面。對(duì)反應(yīng)器不同階段污泥中的微生物進(jìn)行分子生物學(xué)分析,結(jié)果顯示,反應(yīng)器中微生物物種分布各異。除了人們已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的硫桿菌屬(Thiobacillus),實(shí)驗(yàn)還發(fā)現(xiàn)了多個(gè)微生物種屬能夠參與硫自養(yǎng)反硝化過(guò)程,但Thiobacillus在系統(tǒng)中占較高比例,為8.4%,對(duì)硫自養(yǎng)反硝化反應(yīng)起主要作用;系統(tǒng)中各功能菌屬的所適宜的生存條件不同,Thiobacillus適于在較高NO3--N濃度和較為穩(wěn)定的環(huán)境條件下生長(zhǎng),而絲硫菌屬(Thiothrix)與硫微螺菌屬(Sulfurimonas)可以在氮濃度更低和水流更急的條件下存活。
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems in China have become increasingly prominent, especially the eutrophication pollution of the vast number of lakes in southern China, in which nitrogen pollution is mainly reflected in the problem of NO3--N exceeding the standard. Because the traditional denitrification process needs a large amount of carbon source, there are some limitations in the biological denitrification of this kind of water, so it is urgent to develop and develop a new biological denitrification technology. The technology of sulfur autotrophic denitrification has become one of the preferred processes for treating this kind of water because of its characteristics of no additional carbon source, no secondary pollution, less sludge production and low operating cost. However, the research of this process is still in its infancy. In this paper, sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology with thiosulfate as electron donor and biological filter system were used to treat NO3--N in micro-polluted water, in order to provide technical reference for practical engineering. In order to remove NO3--N, the effect of hydraulic load on denitrification of biofilter was studied in this paper. The design parameters of shape and dimension of biofilter were explored, which provided a theoretical basis for the design and operation of sulfur autotrophic and denitrifying biofilter. The following conclusions are drawn from the multi-group controlled experiments: the acclimation time is short when the anaerobic sludge is used as the inoculation sludge of the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, while the surplus activated sludge is used as the acclimation sludge of the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. There is a problem of NH4-N release in the system. The concentration of TN increases gradually and does not decrease, and the domestication time is longer. Under the same conditions, the effluent quality of the two reactors was basically the same, which indicated that the diameter of the ceramsite had little effect on the autotrophic sulfur denitrification system. The shortest HRT and maximum hydraulic load of two same volume reactors with ratio of height to diameter of 5.7 and 16.1 are studied experimentally. The results show that the hydraulic load is less than 1.0m3/ (m 2 h) when the hydraulic load is less than 1.0m3/ (m 2 h). The denitrification efficiency of the reactor with small ratio of height to diameter is more stable than that of the reactor with large ratio of height to diameter. When the hydraulic load is greater than 1.0m3/ (m ~ 2 h), the treatment capacity of the reactor with large ratio of height to diameter is higher than that of the reactor with small ratio of height to diameter, and the effect of denitrification is better. The shortest HRT, maximum hydraulic load of the reactor with small aspect ratio is 0.5 h ~ (-1) 1.0 m ~ (3) / (m ~ (2) h), and the average removal rates of TN and NO3--N are 83% and 89%, respectively. The average removal rate of TN,NO3--N in the reactor with high aspect ratio is about 89% when the shortest HRT and maximum hydraulic load are 10min and 6.0m3/ (m 2 h). After stable operation of the two reactors, there was no accumulation of NO2--N in the effluent. By SEM observation of ceramsite and sludge in the reactor, it was found that the microbes in each reactor were long filamentous, mainly grew in the sludge, and only a very small number of microbes were concentrated on the surface of the ceramsite. The results of molecular biological analysis of microorganisms in sludge at different stages of the reactor showed that the distribution of microbial species in the reactor was different. In addition to the (Thiobacillus), experiments of Thiobacillus, many microbes were found to be able to participate in the process of sulfur autotrophic denitrification, but Thiobacillus played a major role in the autotrophic denitrification of sulfur, accounting for a high proportion of 8.4% of the total amount of thiobacterium, which played a major role in the reaction of sulfur autotrophic denitrification. The suitable living conditions of each functional genus in the system are different, and Thiobacillus is suitable for growth under higher NO3--N concentration and more stable environmental conditions. (Thiothrix) and (Sulfurimonas) could survive under the condition of lower nitrogen concentration and faster water flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
[Abstract]:In recent years, environmental problems in China have become increasingly prominent, especially the eutrophication pollution of the vast number of lakes in southern China, in which nitrogen pollution is mainly reflected in the problem of NO3--N exceeding the standard. Because the traditional denitrification process needs a large amount of carbon source, there are some limitations in the biological denitrification of this kind of water, so it is urgent to develop and develop a new biological denitrification technology. The technology of sulfur autotrophic denitrification has become one of the preferred processes for treating this kind of water because of its characteristics of no additional carbon source, no secondary pollution, less sludge production and low operating cost. However, the research of this process is still in its infancy. In this paper, sulfur autotrophic denitrification technology with thiosulfate as electron donor and biological filter system were used to treat NO3--N in micro-polluted water, in order to provide technical reference for practical engineering. In order to remove NO3--N, the effect of hydraulic load on denitrification of biofilter was studied in this paper. The design parameters of shape and dimension of biofilter were explored, which provided a theoretical basis for the design and operation of sulfur autotrophic and denitrifying biofilter. The following conclusions are drawn from the multi-group controlled experiments: the acclimation time is short when the anaerobic sludge is used as the inoculation sludge of the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria, while the surplus activated sludge is used as the acclimation sludge of the sulfur autotrophic denitrifying bacteria. There is a problem of NH4-N release in the system. The concentration of TN increases gradually and does not decrease, and the domestication time is longer. Under the same conditions, the effluent quality of the two reactors was basically the same, which indicated that the diameter of the ceramsite had little effect on the autotrophic sulfur denitrification system. The shortest HRT and maximum hydraulic load of two same volume reactors with ratio of height to diameter of 5.7 and 16.1 are studied experimentally. The results show that the hydraulic load is less than 1.0m3/ (m 2 h) when the hydraulic load is less than 1.0m3/ (m 2 h). The denitrification efficiency of the reactor with small ratio of height to diameter is more stable than that of the reactor with large ratio of height to diameter. When the hydraulic load is greater than 1.0m3/ (m ~ 2 h), the treatment capacity of the reactor with large ratio of height to diameter is higher than that of the reactor with small ratio of height to diameter, and the effect of denitrification is better. The shortest HRT, maximum hydraulic load of the reactor with small aspect ratio is 0.5 h ~ (-1) 1.0 m ~ (3) / (m ~ (2) h), and the average removal rates of TN and NO3--N are 83% and 89%, respectively. The average removal rate of TN,NO3--N in the reactor with high aspect ratio is about 89% when the shortest HRT and maximum hydraulic load are 10min and 6.0m3/ (m 2 h). After stable operation of the two reactors, there was no accumulation of NO2--N in the effluent. By SEM observation of ceramsite and sludge in the reactor, it was found that the microbes in each reactor were long filamentous, mainly grew in the sludge, and only a very small number of microbes were concentrated on the surface of the ceramsite. The results of molecular biological analysis of microorganisms in sludge at different stages of the reactor showed that the distribution of microbial species in the reactor was different. In addition to the (Thiobacillus), experiments of Thiobacillus, many microbes were found to be able to participate in the process of sulfur autotrophic denitrification, but Thiobacillus played a major role in the autotrophic denitrification of sulfur, accounting for a high proportion of 8.4% of the total amount of thiobacterium, which played a major role in the reaction of sulfur autotrophic denitrification. The suitable living conditions of each functional genus in the system are different, and Thiobacillus is suitable for growth under higher NO3--N concentration and more stable environmental conditions. (Thiothrix) and (Sulfurimonas) could survive under the condition of lower nitrogen concentration and faster water flow.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X703
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