本文選題：蔬菜地土壤　切入點：重金屬　出處：《杭州師范大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：由于人類工業(yè)活動使得穩(wěn)定存在于地殼中的重金屬進入土壤環(huán)境,通過生物富集作用威脅人類健康。農(nóng)產(chǎn)品中的重金屬殘留與土壤污染有密切的關(guān)系,土壤是影響農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量安全的源頭因素。本文對杭州市五大蔬菜供應產(chǎn)地土壤環(huán)境重金屬污染狀況的調(diào)查評價結(jié)果表明Pb、Cu、Zn含量均小于國家土壤質(zhì)量二級標準,尼梅羅指數(shù)小于0.7,土壤清潔。Cr、As、Cd在部分蔬菜產(chǎn)地有輕度或中度污染,可能會對作物造成污染,應當引起警戒。葉菜類、菌菇類和根莖類蔬菜對多種重金屬都有較強的富集能力;茄果類、豆莢類尤其是瓜類蔬菜對重金屬的富集能力較弱。根據(jù)調(diào)查的結(jié)果,本文進一步選取典型土壤進行重金屬的阻控技術(shù)研究。植物修復盆栽試驗結(jié)果表明:1)黑麥草對重金屬Cu、Cr和Cd的去除效果較好,對Pb、Cr和Cd的鈍化效果較好;2)狗牙根對Pb、Cr的去除效果較好;2)與黑麥草相比,其對土壤環(huán)境重金屬污染的耐受能力較好;3)重金屬對植物的營養(yǎng)吸收存在阻礙作用,隨著污染程度的加重,需要較多的有機肥才能維持植物的正常生長。依據(jù)上述植物修復盆栽試驗結(jié)果,本文認為若想進一步優(yōu)化原土的土壤質(zhì)量可以選擇種植黑麥草,并結(jié)合20%的有機肥施用量作為生態(tài)修復方案;二級土壤中,選擇種植黑麥草并施用10%的有機肥作為生態(tài)修復方案;三級土壤中,選擇種植黑麥草并施加20%的有機肥作為生態(tài)修復方案。此外,可以根據(jù)具體關(guān)鍵污染物和污染程度調(diào)節(jié)土壤重金屬生態(tài)修復方案。重金屬鈍化盆栽試驗結(jié)果表明,生物炭和粉煤灰的重金屬鈍化作用在酸性土壤中和中性土壤中均有效。粉煤灰在阻礙土壤重金屬淋溶方面效果較好,但對于土壤酸化只能起到短期的改善作用;而生物炭對于提高作物產(chǎn)量、降低重金屬的生物濃縮系數(shù)(Bioconcentration factor,BCF)、改善土壤性質(zhì)等方面均具有較好的效果。生物炭和粉煤灰的施入都可以發(fā)揮一定的肥料緩釋劑作用。此外,茄果類蔬菜對于土壤重金屬污染和環(huán)境變化的耐受性較好。依據(jù)上述重金屬鈍化盆栽試驗的結(jié)果,本文認為可以選擇向酸性良渚土壤中施入5%的生物炭和20%的有機肥作為重金屬鈍化的生態(tài)修復方案;選擇向中性喬司土壤中施入5%的粉煤灰和10%的有機肥作為重金屬鈍化的生態(tài)修復方案。
[Abstract]:Due to human industrial activities, heavy metals, which are stable in the earth's crust, enter the soil environment and threaten human health through bioenrichment. Heavy metal residues in agricultural products are closely related to soil pollution. Soil is the source factor that affects the quality and safety of agricultural products. The results of investigation and evaluation on heavy metal pollution of soil environment in five vegetable supply areas in Hangzhou showed that the content of PbCuN Zn was lower than the second grade standard of national soil quality. The Nimero index is less than 0.7, and the soil clean. Crn AsN CD is slightly or moderately polluted in some vegetable producing areas, which may cause pollution to crops, which should be warned. Leafy vegetables, mushroom and rhizome vegetables all have strong enrichment ability to many heavy metals. The enrichment ability of eggplant fruits, pods, especially melon vegetables to heavy metals is weak. According to the results of the investigation, In this paper, the inhibition and control of heavy metals in typical soils were studied. The results of pot experiment showed that the removal efficiency of Cu Cr and CD by ryegrass was better than that of ryegrass. Compared with ryegrass, its tolerance to heavy metal pollution in soil was better than that of ryegrass. With the increase of pollution, more organic manure is needed to maintain the normal growth of plants. According to the results of pot experiment of plant restoration, it is suggested that ryegrass can be planted if we want to further optimize the soil quality of the original soil. Combined with 20% amount of organic fertilizer as ecological restoration plan; in secondary soil, planting ryegrass and applying 10% organic fertilizer as ecological restoration plan; in tertiary soil, Planting ryegrass and applying 20% organic fertilizer as ecological restoration scheme. In addition, the soil heavy metal ecological remediation scheme can be adjusted according to the specific key pollutants and pollution degree. The results of heavy metal passivation pot experiment showed that, The heavy metal passivation of biochar and fly ash is effective in acid soil and neutral soil. Fly ash has a good effect on inhibiting the leaching of heavy metals, but it can only improve soil acidification in a short period of time. Biochar has a good effect on increasing crop yield, reducing bioconcentration factor of heavy metals and improving soil properties. The application of biochar and fly ash can play a role of fertilizer slow-release agent. Tomato fruits and vegetables have better tolerance to soil heavy metal pollution and environmental changes. It is suggested that 5% of biochar and 20% of organic fertilizer can be applied to acid Liangzhu soil as ecological remediation of heavy metal passivation. 5% fly ash and 10% organic fertilizer were applied to neutral Joss soil as ecological remediation schemes for heavy metal passivation.
【學位授予單位】：杭州師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X56

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