【摘要】：隨著電網(wǎng)中風力發(fā)電滲透率的不斷提高，風電機組運行狀況對電網(wǎng)的影響也越來越大，世界各國電網(wǎng)導則對風電場并網(wǎng)的標準也愈加嚴格，尤其是對風電機組在電網(wǎng)故障下的低電壓穿越（LVRT）能力的要求也越來越高。雙饋異步感應(yīng)發(fā)電機（DFIG）因其良好的經(jīng)濟性和控制性能在風力發(fā)電機中應(yīng)用最廣。同時，由于DFIG定子直接并網(wǎng)，轉(zhuǎn)子勵磁變換器容量較小，使得風電機組對電網(wǎng)故障非常敏感。因此，研究DFIG低電壓穿越方法，提高DFIG低電壓穿越能力具有非常重要的意義。 本文首先建立了雙饋型并網(wǎng)風力發(fā)電機及其背靠背勵磁變換器在三相靜止ABC坐標系和兩相旋轉(zhuǎn)dq坐標系下的數(shù)學模型，分析了其工作原理及傳統(tǒng)矢量控制策略。然后設(shè)計了基于狀態(tài)反饋線性化的控制方法，并且在MATLAB/Simulink環(huán)境下搭建了一臺2MW雙饋風力發(fā)電機模型，進行了狀態(tài)反饋線性化控制與傳統(tǒng)矢量控制的仿真對比，表明狀態(tài)反饋線性化控制在電網(wǎng)輕微對稱故障時具有更好的動態(tài)性能，更強的魯棒性。 然后對電網(wǎng)對稱故障條件下DFIG暫態(tài)特性進行了分析，，設(shè)計了針對不同故障程度的低電壓穿越方案：電網(wǎng)電壓小幅跌落下通過狀態(tài)反饋線性化控制實現(xiàn)DFIG不間斷運行；大幅跌落下通過增加轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)Crowbar和直流Crowbar的硬件保護來實現(xiàn)低電壓穿越。重點推導了轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)Crowbar的旁路電阻取值范圍及其最佳投切時刻選取，通過仿真驗證，獲得了良好的低電壓穿越效果。 最后搭建了一臺基于dSPACE的10kW雙饋型并網(wǎng)風力發(fā)電系統(tǒng)實驗平臺。進行了網(wǎng)側(cè)變換器分別在傳統(tǒng)矢量控制和狀態(tài)反饋線性化控制下的實驗對比，結(jié)果顯示狀態(tài)反饋線性化控制無論在穩(wěn)態(tài)性能還是動態(tài)性能都優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)矢量控制，驗證了理論分析的正確性。然后對轉(zhuǎn)子側(cè)變換器進行了調(diào)試，實現(xiàn)了雙饋電機的并網(wǎng)運行。
[Abstract]:With the increasing permeability of wind power generation in power grid, the operation condition of wind turbine has more and more influence on the power grid, and the standards of grid connection of wind farms in various countries in the world are becoming more and more strict. Especially, the requirement of low voltage traversing (LVRT) capability of wind turbine under power grid fault is higher and higher. Doubly-fed asynchronous induction generator (DFIG) is the most widely used wind turbine because of its good economy and control performance. At the same time, because the DFIG stator is directly connected to the grid and the rotor excitation converter capacity is small, the wind turbine is very sensitive to the fault of the power grid. Therefore, it is very important to study the low voltage traversal method of DFIG and improve the low voltage traversal ability of DFIG. In this paper, the mathematical models of double-feed grid-connected wind generator and its back-to-back excitation converter in three-phase static ABC coordinate system and two-phase rotating dq coordinate system are established. The working principle and traditional vector control strategy are analyzed. Then the control method based on state feedback linearization is designed and a 2MW doubly-fed wind generator model is built in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The simulation comparison between state feedback linearization control and traditional vector control is carried out. It is shown that the state feedback linearization control has better dynamic performance and stronger robustness when the power network is slightly symmetric. Then the transient characteristics of DFIG under symmetrical fault condition are analyzed, and the low voltage traversal scheme for different fault levels is designed. The low voltage traversal scheme is realized by state feedback linearization control under the small voltage sag of the power network, and the uninterrupted operation of DFIG is realized under the control of state feedback linearization. Large sags achieve low voltage traversal by increasing the hardware protection of rotor-side Crowbar and DC Crowbar. The range of the by-pass resistance and the selection of the optimal switching time of the rotor-side Crowbar are derived. The simulation results show that the low-voltage traversing effect is good. Finally, an experimental platform of 10kW double-feed wind power generation system based on dSPACE is built. Compared with the traditional vector control and the state feedback linearization control, the results show that the state feedback linearization control is superior to the traditional vector control in both steady and dynamic performance. The correctness of the theoretical analysis is verified. Then the rotor side converter is debugged to realize the grid-connected operation of doubly-fed machine.
【學位授予單位】：燕山大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TM315

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