【摘要】：風能是一種清潔的可再生能源,是全球能源結構中的重要組成部分,其對環(huán)境保護、維持生態(tài)平衡、減少對傳統(tǒng)能源的依賴和改善能源結構都有重要意義。垂直軸風力機相比于水平軸風力機有許多優(yōu)勢:結構簡單、安裝維護方便、無需對風裝置等。而由于垂直軸風輪氣動特性復雜:來流穿過風輪時速度、壓力等隨時間不停變化,如何建立反映其物理本質的數(shù)學模型并尋求高效率、高準確度的設計依據(jù),以提高風能利用率已成為垂直軸風力機設計領域的關鍵科學問題。首先,本文介紹了垂直軸風力機的幾種基本研究方法,包括計算空氣動力學方法、數(shù)值方法和試驗方法,重點介紹了動量方法中的多流管模型方法和雙多流管模型方法,為下面二維模型的建立提供理論依據(jù)。其次,基于葉素動量理論,通過分析阻力型垂直軸風輪凸凹面葉片的受力狀況,理解其工作原理,從而建立阻力型垂直軸風輪的二維氣動特性的數(shù)學模型,給出了阻力型垂直軸風輪平均功率的計算公式,并由此模型分析了阻力型垂直軸風輪的性能提升方法;此外,通過充分分析風輪葉素的受力狀態(tài)及速度矢量關系,建立了H型垂直軸風輪的二維氣動模型并給出了其平均功率計算公式,然后分析了攻角隨方位角的變化規(guī)律,以及葉尖速比等參數(shù)的變化對風輪性能的影響;最后,根據(jù)雙多流管模型,建立了垂直軸風輪的二維氣動特性模型,并將模型在MATLAB軟件中進行程序實現(xiàn)以減少其計算量,并以一種3葉片H型風輪為例對模型進行了驗證,結果表明模型對垂直軸風輪的設計及功率預測都是實用有效的。最后,對前面給出的算例進行了二維數(shù)值模擬,先利用CAD軟件畫出其幾何模型,然后在CFD軟件中使用非結構的三角形網(wǎng)格對風輪進行離散化處理,最后在Fluent軟件中利用滑移網(wǎng)格的方法分析了其流場特性。通過數(shù)值模擬,進一步驗證了所建立的垂直軸風輪二維氣動特性的數(shù)學模型的準確性。
[Abstract]:Wind energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, which is an important part of the global energy structure. It is of great significance for environmental protection, maintaining ecological balance, reducing dependence on traditional energy and improving energy structure. Compared with horizontal axis wind turbine, vertical axis wind turbine has many advantages: simple structure, convenient installation and maintenance, no need for wind equipment, etc. Because the aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine are complicated, such as velocity, pressure and so on, how to establish mathematical model to reflect its physical essence and to find the design basis of high efficiency and high accuracy. Improving wind energy utilization rate has become a key scientific problem in the field of vertical axis wind turbine design. Firstly, this paper introduces several basic research methods of vertical axis wind turbine, including computational aerodynamics method, numerical method and test method, and focuses on the multi-flow tube model method and double multi-flow tube model method in the momentum method. To provide the theoretical basis for the establishment of the following two-dimensional model. Secondly, based on the vane momentum theory, by analyzing the force condition of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine blade, and understanding its working principle, the mathematical model of the two dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is established. The calculation formula of the average power of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is given, and the performance lifting method of the resistance vertical axis wind turbine is analyzed by using the model. In addition, by fully analyzing the force state and velocity vector relation of wind turbine impeller, a two-dimensional aerodynamic model of H-type vertical axis wind turbine is established and its average power calculation formula is given. Then, the variation law of attack angle with azimuth angle is analyzed. The influence of the blade tip speed ratio and other parameters on the performance of the wind turbine; Finally, a two-dimensional aerodynamic model of a vertical axis wind turbine is established based on a double-flow tube model. The model is programmed in MATLAB software to reduce the computational complexity. The model is verified by a 3-blade H-type wind turbine. The results show that the model is practical and effective for the design and power prediction of vertical axis wind turbines. Finally, the two-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for the example given above. First, the geometric model is drawn by using CAD software, and then the unstructured triangular mesh is used to discretize the wind turbine in CFD software. Finally, the flow field characteristics are analyzed by slip grid method in Fluent software. Through numerical simulation, the accuracy of the established mathematical model of two-dimensional aerodynamic characteristics of vertical axis wind turbine is further verified.
【學位授予單位】：河南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TM315

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本文編號：2369278