【摘要】：汽輪機(jī)、發(fā)電機(jī)是火力電廠中最重要的設(shè)備,堪稱電廠的心臟。正確合理的設(shè)計(jì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)是電廠設(shè)計(jì)工作中的重點(diǎn)。因?yàn)槠啺l(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)設(shè)計(jì)人員要求較高,在設(shè)計(jì)院中一般的設(shè)計(jì)人員沒有機(jī)會(huì)接觸汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)。即使在大型的甲級(jí)電力設(shè)計(jì)院中專業(yè)從事汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)人數(shù)也極少；在中小型的電力設(shè)計(jì)院中也有不少主設(shè)人對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的理解存在一定誤區(qū),如過度依賴以往的設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)驗(yàn)、設(shè)計(jì)過于保守,理論基礎(chǔ)薄弱、不會(huì)軟件操作等。大部分設(shè)計(jì)人員都渴望有一本能直接應(yīng)用于設(shè)計(jì)的書籍,即有關(guān)汽機(jī)基礎(chǔ)計(jì)算理論、設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)遵守的規(guī)范、設(shè)計(jì)步驟、計(jì)算軟件的操作等比較系統(tǒng)的能指導(dǎo)一般設(shè)計(jì)人員設(shè)計(jì)的書籍�？嘤诂F(xiàn)在市面上尚無一本此類的書籍,基本上設(shè)計(jì)人員如沒有老師特殊培養(yǎng)幾乎不可能獨(dú)立完成汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)工作。本文對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的發(fā)展史、計(jì)算原理、計(jì)算要求做了簡述,重點(diǎn)介紹汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)方法及過程,給出了具體工程的設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)例。本文最后對(duì)各種設(shè)計(jì)軟件進(jìn)行分析比較,利用多種軟件分析比較可有效的優(yōu)化汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)。本文在實(shí)際設(shè)計(jì)中對(duì)一般的設(shè)計(jì)人員或?qū)ζ啺l(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)不熟悉的設(shè)計(jì)人員有著重要的意義,使之可在短時(shí)間很對(duì)汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)的設(shè)計(jì)快速上手,并有利于設(shè)計(jì)人員的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。汽輪發(fā)電機(jī)基礎(chǔ)通常采用框架式基礎(chǔ),其設(shè)計(jì)內(nèi)容包括靜力計(jì)算、動(dòng)力計(jì)算、構(gòu)造與配筋等。靜力計(jì)算主要內(nèi)容包括地基強(qiáng)度的驗(yàn)算、機(jī)組偏心值驗(yàn)算、強(qiáng)度計(jì)算、動(dòng)力荷載按靜力荷載當(dāng)量進(jìn)行簡化計(jì)算、溫度應(yīng)力、地震作用效應(yīng)、構(gòu)件的內(nèi)力計(jì)算等。動(dòng)力計(jì)算是設(shè)計(jì)中的難點(diǎn),現(xiàn)階段各設(shè)計(jì)院設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)的主要是依據(jù)是《動(dòng)力機(jī)器基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》(GB50040-96)。常用的輔助計(jì)算軟件為TGFP、ANSYS、SAP2000、 Staad等。目前各種計(jì)算軟件各有優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),其計(jì)算結(jié)果略有差異。本文通過各種計(jì)算方法的比較后認(rèn)為規(guī)范規(guī)定的簡化計(jì)算方法基本已很少應(yīng)用,應(yīng)按多空間自由度考慮,《TGFP》軟件計(jì)算結(jié)果直觀明確,易于上手,適合設(shè)計(jì)出圖,其他有限元軟件更適合對(duì)基礎(chǔ)進(jìn)行動(dòng)力分析,如果條件允許應(yīng)多軟件分析比較,設(shè)計(jì)中不要迷信軟件,應(yīng)對(duì)計(jì)算軟件的結(jié)果理性分析,嚴(yán)格按規(guī)范控制各種指標(biāo)的同時(shí),更應(yīng)注意優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。同樣的計(jì)算結(jié)果不同的設(shè)計(jì)人繪制的圖紙可能差別很大,繪制圖紙時(shí)應(yīng)重點(diǎn)注意鋼筋配置、構(gòu)造要求、出圖深度等方面的優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)。
[Abstract]:Steam turbine, generator is the most important equipment in thermal power plant, can be called the heart of power plant. Correct and reasonable design of turbogenerator foundation is the key of power plant design. Because the design of turbogenerator foundation is very demanding to the designers, the general designers in the design institute do not have the opportunity to contact the design of the turbogenerator foundation. Even in large Grade A electric power design institutes, the number of people who specialize in the design of turbo-generator foundations is very small, and there are some misunderstandings of the understanding of turbo-generator foundations among many principal designers in small and medium-sized electric power design institutes. Such as relying on the past design experience, design is too conservative, weak theoretical foundation, no software operation and so on. Most designers are eager to have a book that instinctively applies directly to the design, namely, the basic calculation theory of the turbine, the specifications to be followed in the design, and the design steps. The operation of computing software is more systematic and can guide the design of general designers. At present, there is not a book of this kind on the market. Basically, it is almost impossible for designers to complete the design of turbogenerator foundation independently without the special training of teachers. In this paper, the development history, calculation principle and calculation requirements of turbogenerator foundation are briefly described, the design method and process of turbogenerator foundation are introduced emphatically, and the design examples of concrete project are given. Finally, various design software are analyzed and compared, which can effectively optimize the design of turbogenerator foundation. This paper is of great significance to the general designers or the designers who are not familiar with the foundation of the turbogenerator in the actual design, so that it can be used quickly in the design of the turbogenerator foundation in a short time. And is advantageous to the designer's optimization design. The foundation of turbogenerator is usually frame foundation, which includes static calculation, dynamic calculation, construction and reinforcement. The main contents of static calculation include checking calculation of foundation strength, checking calculation of unit eccentricity value, strength calculation, simplified calculation of dynamic load according to static load equivalent, temperature stress, seismic effect, calculation of internal force of component, etc. Dynamic calculation is a difficult point in the design. At present, the main basis of the design of each design institute is the Design Code for Power Machine Foundation (GB50040-96). The commonly used assistant calculation software is TGFP,ANSYS,SAP2000, Staad and so on. At present, all kinds of computing software have their own advantages and disadvantages, and their calculation results are slightly different. Through the comparison of various calculation methods, this paper thinks that the simplified calculation method stipulated in the code has been rarely applied, and should be considered according to the degree of freedom in many spaces. The calculation results of < TGFP > software are intuitionistic and clear, easy to use, and suitable for the design of drawings. Other finite element software is more suitable for dynamic analysis of foundation. If conditions permit, there should be more software analysis and comparison, and no superstitious software should be used in the design, so as to deal with the rational analysis of the results of the calculation software and to control all kinds of indexes strictly according to the specifications, at the same time, More attention should be paid to optimal design. The drawings drawn by different designers with the same calculation results may vary greatly. The optimum design of steel bar configuration, construction requirements and drawing depth should be paid more attention to when drawing drawings.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TM311;TU476.1

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