【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)的快速發(fā)展,能源緊張、環(huán)境污染問(wèn)題日趨嚴(yán)重,電動(dòng)汽車因其節(jié)能環(huán)保的優(yōu)點(diǎn)已經(jīng)成為未來(lái)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展方向。隨著電動(dòng)汽車的大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,將對(duì)電網(wǎng)產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。充換電站作為電動(dòng)汽車的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施,合理的優(yōu)化布局可以加速電動(dòng)汽車的推廣,電動(dòng)汽車電池的儲(chǔ)能特性也可以使充換電站在配電網(wǎng)中發(fā)揮有利作用。因此,有必要對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車充換電站的優(yōu)化布局和含有充換電站的配電網(wǎng)規(guī)劃進(jìn)行研究。本文基于分區(qū)的思想研究了電動(dòng)汽車充換電站的選址布局、服務(wù)范圍劃分和考慮充換電站作為備用電源的主饋線分段開關(guān)優(yōu)化配置問(wèn)題,主要工作如下：針對(duì)配電網(wǎng)負(fù)荷分布特點(diǎn),提出了一種基于自適應(yīng)權(quán)重Voronoi圖的配電網(wǎng)供電分區(qū)方法。該方法考慮變電站的負(fù)載能力、供電距離、地理障礙和網(wǎng)格歸屬地等因素,動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整發(fā)生元在不同方向上的擴(kuò)算速度,引入了虛擬元的概念,解決分區(qū)內(nèi)現(xiàn)狀無(wú)電源點(diǎn)問(wèn)題,并對(duì)分區(qū)結(jié)果分類。最后經(jīng)實(shí)際算例驗(yàn)證,表明該方法具有一定有效性和合理性。為解決電動(dòng)汽車充電需求計(jì)算問(wèn)題,充分考慮了不同分區(qū)電動(dòng)汽車的潮汐分布,不同類型電動(dòng)汽車的充電行為,建立了基于蒙特卡羅模擬法的電動(dòng)汽車充電負(fù)荷需求模型,并利用該模型計(jì)算和分析了電動(dòng)汽車充電需求的時(shí)空分布特點(diǎn)。針對(duì)電動(dòng)汽車充換電站的規(guī)劃問(wèn)題,在分區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合重心法和加權(quán)Voronoi圖模型進(jìn)行了電動(dòng)汽車充換電站的選址布局,采用Voronoi圖劃分充換電站的服務(wù)范圍,利用重心法實(shí)現(xiàn)了在服務(wù)范圍內(nèi)充換電站的站址搜索,通過(guò)算例驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性。提出了將分區(qū)內(nèi)的電動(dòng)汽車充換電站作為重要負(fù)荷備用電源的方案,以總費(fèi)用最小為目標(biāo),綜合考慮充換電站出力限制、投資維護(hù)成本和系統(tǒng)停電損失建立了線路分段優(yōu)化配置模型,最后通過(guò)算例結(jié)果證明了可以使配電網(wǎng)停電損失減少,供電可靠性提高。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy and society, energy shortage and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. Electric vehicle (EV) has become the development direction of automobile industry in the future because of its advantages of energy saving and environmental protection. With the large-scale application of electric vehicles, will have a huge impact on the power grid. As the infrastructure of electric vehicles, charging power station can accelerate the popularization of electric vehicle, and the energy storage characteristics of electric vehicle battery can also make the charging power station play a favorable role in the distribution network. Therefore, it is necessary to study the optimal layout and distribution network planning of electric vehicle recharge power station. Based on the idea of partition, this paper studies the location and layout of electric vehicle charging and switching power station, the partition of service range and the optimal configuration of main feeder segment switch considering charging and replacing power station as backup power supply. The main work is as follows: according to the characteristics of distribution network load distribution, an adaptive weighted Voronoi diagram based distribution network power supply partition method is proposed. Considering the load capacity of substation, power supply distance, geographical obstacle and grid attribution, the method dynamically adjusts the expansion speed of generator in different directions, introduces the concept of virtual element, and solves the problem of no power point in the area. The partition results were classified. Finally, a practical example shows that the method is effective and reasonable. In order to solve the problem of electric vehicle charging demand calculation, considering the tidal distribution of different electric vehicles and charging behavior of different types of electric vehicles, a charging load demand model of electric vehicles based on Monte Carlo simulation method is established. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of electric vehicle charging demand are calculated and analyzed by using this model. Aiming at the problem of electric vehicle filling and changing power station planning, combined with gravity center method and weighted Voronoi diagram model, the location and layout of electric vehicle filling and replacing power station is carried out on the basis of partition, and Voronoi diagram is used to divide the service range of charging and replacing power station. The center of gravity method is used to realize the site search of the filling and changing power station in the service range, and the feasibility of the method is verified by an example. This paper puts forward a scheme of taking the electric vehicle recharge power station in the district as the backup power source for the important load, taking the minimum total cost as the goal, and considering comprehensively the limit of the power generation of the charging and replacing power station. The optimal allocation model of transmission line is established in terms of investment and maintenance cost and system blackout loss. Finally, it is proved that the outage loss can be reduced and the power supply reliability can be improved by an example.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：南京師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：U469.72;TM715

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