本文選題：微網(wǎng) + 分布式控制　； 參考：《東北電力大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：微網(wǎng)孤島運行中,下垂控制作為一種廣泛使用的方法,能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)負(fù)荷功率在各分布式電源間的按比例分配,但由于低壓微網(wǎng)一般呈阻性,且受到分布式電源輸出阻抗以及線路阻抗不匹配的影響,負(fù)荷無功功率很難實現(xiàn)按比例分配,另外下垂控制作為一種有差控制,負(fù)荷變化后,電壓、頻率會有誤差。為解決上述兩種問題,本文對其進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究。本文首先研究了孤島微網(wǎng)的分布式一級功率控制,給出了微網(wǎng)中無逆變器接口分布式電源以及逆變器接口分布式電源的控制方法,確定下垂控制能夠按比例分配負(fù)荷功率的變化,探討了分布式二級控制的理論基礎(chǔ),引進(jìn)了通信有向圖、一階一致性控制以及含有領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者節(jié)點的一致性控制,在分布式一級及二級控制的基礎(chǔ)之上,構(gòu)建了一種以下垂控制作為一級控制的分布式分級控制結(jié)構(gòu),該結(jié)構(gòu)一級控制主要用來分配負(fù)荷功率,二級控制則主要用于彌補一級控制帶來的電壓、頻率偏差。然后,針對傳統(tǒng)下垂控制方法不能按比例分配負(fù)荷無功功率的問題,本文提出了一種基于坐標(biāo)變換的改進(jìn)下垂控制方法,并設(shè)計了改進(jìn)下垂控制器,分析了孤島微網(wǎng)的功率分配機理,根據(jù)不同的線路參數(shù)特征設(shè)計了三種場景的仿真算例并進(jìn)行了驗證。最后,為了解決改進(jìn)下垂控制方法帶來的電壓、頻率偏差問題,本文提出了一種分布式二級控制方法和一種改進(jìn)分布式二級控制方法,并分別按照兩種方法設(shè)計了虛擬無功-電壓控制器和虛擬有功-頻率控制器,為驗證兩種方法的有效性,分別搭建了一個簡單網(wǎng)絡(luò)和一個網(wǎng)狀網(wǎng)絡(luò)的仿真算例進(jìn)行了仿真驗證。通過仿真驗證得知,本文提出的分布式一級改進(jìn)下垂控制方法不僅能夠在低壓微網(wǎng)阻性網(wǎng)絡(luò)中實現(xiàn)負(fù)荷無功功率的按比例分配,也能適用于阻感性的中壓微網(wǎng)網(wǎng)絡(luò);本文提出的分布式二級控制方法以及對其進(jìn)行的改進(jìn)控制方法相比于改進(jìn)下垂控制方法以及集中式二級控制方法,能更好改善電壓及頻率質(zhì)量。
[Abstract]:In the operation of microgrid islanding, sagging control, as a widely used method, can realize the proportional distribution of load power among the distributed power sources, but the low voltage microgrid is generally resistive. Due to the mismatch of output impedance and line impedance of distributed power supply, it is difficult to realize proportional distribution of load reactive power. In addition, sagging control is a kind of differential control. After load changes, there will be errors in voltage and frequency. In order to solve the above two kinds of problems, this paper has carried on the related research to them. In this paper, the distributed primary power control of island microgrid is studied, and the control methods of distributed power supply without inverter interface and inverter interface in microgrid are given. It is determined that droop control can distribute load power according to proportion. The theoretical basis of distributed secondary control is discussed. Communication digraph, first-order consistency control and consistency control with leader nodes are introduced. On the basis of distributed primary and secondary control, a kind of distributed hierarchical control structure with droop control as primary control is constructed, which is mainly used to distribute load power. The second-level control is mainly used to compensate the voltage and frequency deviation brought by the first-level control. Then, aiming at the problem that the traditional droop control method can not distribute the reactive power according to the proportion of load, an improved droop control method based on coordinate transformation is proposed in this paper, and an improved droop controller is designed. The power distribution mechanism of island microgrid is analyzed, and simulation examples of three scenarios are designed and verified according to different line parameters. Finally, in order to solve the voltage and frequency deviation problem caused by the improved droop control method, a distributed secondary control method and an improved distributed secondary control method are proposed in this paper. The virtual reactive power voltage controller and the virtual active power frequency controller are designed according to the two methods respectively. In order to verify the effectiveness of the two methods, a simple network and a mesh network simulation examples are built to verify the effectiveness of the two methods. The simulation results show that the improved droop control method proposed in this paper can not only realize the proportional distribution of load reactive power in low-voltage microgrid resistive networks, but also be suitable for medium-voltage microgrid networks with resistive inductance. Compared with the improved droop control method and the centralized two-stage control method, the distributed two-stage control method and the improved control method proposed in this paper can improve the voltage and frequency quality better than the improved sagging control method and the centralized two-stage control method.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM727

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