本文選題：永磁同步電機 + 矢量控制��； 參考：《濟南大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：永磁同步電機由于具有重量輕、轉(zhuǎn)矩脈動小、調(diào)速范圍寬等優(yōu)點,在現(xiàn)代化工業(yè)控制等諸多領(lǐng)域得到廣泛應(yīng)用,其前景和發(fā)展趨勢不容小覷。電機采用的控制策略的差異,對其實際運行性能的影響頗深,基于此,對電機控制系統(tǒng)展開研究有著極其重要的現(xiàn)實意義。課題針對永磁同步電機本體和矢量控制算法展開研究。首先,本文介紹了永磁同步電機的結(jié)構(gòu)組成和工作原理,在深入理解電機的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和運行方式后,給出了永磁同步電機的數(shù)學(xué)模型�；凇半p反應(yīng)理論”,通過坐標變換,將電機從空間角度互差120?的定子三相ABC靜止坐標系變換到相互垂直的轉(zhuǎn)子兩相d-q旋轉(zhuǎn)坐標系。在d-q軸系下,電機轉(zhuǎn)矩方程得以簡化,結(jié)合課題采用的表面貼裝式永磁同步電機類型,轉(zhuǎn)矩的大小就正比于永磁體磁鏈和定子q軸電流分量的乘積。其次,就矢量控制算法的基本原理和幾種具體的實現(xiàn)方法展開討論。由于永磁體磁鏈大小已知,因此對電機轉(zhuǎn)矩大小的控制可以轉(zhuǎn)化為對電機電流大小的控制,可以進一步歸結(jié)為對d軸和q軸電流分量進行調(diào)節(jié),于是選取“id=0”矢量控制方法,即把定子電流固定在q軸方向上,使其與永磁體磁鏈正交,該方法計算簡單,控制性能良好,形成了“轉(zhuǎn)速—轉(zhuǎn)矩—電流”的控制鏈條�？臻g矢量脈寬調(diào)制技術(shù)作為矢量控制過程中非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),論文對它的基本原理和算法實現(xiàn)進行了詳細描述,該技術(shù)把對磁場圓形軌跡問題的研究轉(zhuǎn)化為對電壓矢量運動軌跡的研究,是輸出三相正弦電壓實現(xiàn)變頻調(diào)速的關(guān)鍵。在熟悉矢量控制流程和各個實現(xiàn)環(huán)節(jié)后,課題通過MATLAB/Simulink仿真環(huán)境搭建仿真模型驗證算法本身和系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的可行性。根據(jù)MATLAB/Simulink提供的SimPowerSystems擴展模塊庫對電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)進行仿真;結(jié)合實驗過程中實際使用的DSP(Digital Signal Processor)芯片TMS320F28035和DBL140P永磁同步電機,通過MATLAB與CCS(Code Composer Studio)編程環(huán)境的交互式開發(fā)實現(xiàn)仿真模型代碼的自動生成,完成了實際電機的調(diào)速控制。本研究的工作重點在于,利用兩種仿真模型依次對矢量控制算法效果進行驗證,分別是MATLAB純軟件仿真和真實的電機實驗。前者利用一系列仿真參數(shù)效果圖對比觀察,后者則通過電機運行效果直觀體現(xiàn),二者充分證明了矢量控制策略作為永磁同步電機調(diào)速控制算法的可行性和實用性。結(jié)果表明,該電機矢量控制系統(tǒng)啟動和制動性能良好,速度波動周期短,轉(zhuǎn)矩突變時電流能夠迅速響應(yīng)變化,運行期間轉(zhuǎn)速平穩(wěn),完美的詮釋了矢量控制算法的優(yōu)越性,說明該算法能夠適用于永磁同步電機的實際控制。
[Abstract]:Permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) has been widely used in many fields such as modern industrial control due to its advantages of light weight, low torque ripple and wide speed range. The prospect and development trend of PMSM are not to be underestimated. The difference of the control strategy used by the motor has a deep influence on its actual operation performance. Based on this, the research on the motor control system is of great practical significance. In this paper, the main body and vector control algorithm of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) are studied. Firstly, this paper introduces the structure and working principle of PMSM. After deeply understanding the basic structure and operation mode of PMSM, the mathematical model of PMSM is given. Based on the "double reaction theory", the motor is deviated from each other from the angle of space by coordinate transformation. The stator three-phase ABC stationary coordinate system is transformed to the perpendicular rotor two-phase d-q rotating coordinate system. Under d-q shafting, the motor torque equation is simplified, and the torque is proportional to the product of permanent magnet flux chain and stator Q axis current component combined with the type of surface mount permanent magnet synchronous motor. Secondly, the basic principle of vector control algorithm and several specific implementation methods are discussed. Since the flux of permanent magnet is known, the control of motor torque can be transformed into the control of motor current, which can be further reduced to adjusting the current components of d axis and Q axis, so the "id=0" vector control method is selected. The stator current is fixed in the direction of Q axis so that it is orthogonal to the flux chain of permanent magnet. The method is simple in calculation and has good control performance. The control chain of "rotational speed, torque and current" is formed. Space Vector Pulse width Modulation (SVPWM) is a very important part of vector control. The basic principle and algorithm of SVPWM are described in detail in this paper. This technique transforms the research of magnetic field circular trajectory into the study of voltage vector motion trajectory, which is the key to realize frequency conversion speed regulation by output three-phase sinusoidal voltage. After we are familiar with the vector control flow and each realization link, we build the simulation model through MATLAB / Simulink simulation environment to verify the feasibility of the algorithm itself and the design of the system. According to the SimPowerSystems extended module library provided by MATLAB / Simulink, the motor vector control system is simulated, and the DSP Digital signal process (DSP) chips TMS320F28035 and DBL140P PMSM are used in the experiment. Through the interactive development of MATLAB and CCSU Code composer Studio programming environment, the code of simulation model is generated automatically, and the speed regulation control of actual motor is completed. The emphasis of this study is that the effect of vector control algorithm is verified by two simulation models, which are MATLAB software simulation and real motor experiment. The former is compared and observed by a series of simulation parameters, while the latter is intuitively reflected by the motor running effect, which fully proves the feasibility and practicability of vector control strategy as a speed control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The results show that the motor vector control system has good performance in starting and braking, short fluctuation period of speed, rapid response of current to torque mutation, stable speed during operation, and perfect explanation of the superiority of vector control algorithm. It shows that the algorithm can be applied to the practical control of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：濟南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TM341

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