本文選題：汽車制動(dòng)　切入點(diǎn)：三維車橋模型　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：車輛荷載是橋梁結(jié)構(gòu)所要求承擔(dān)的重要荷載之一,是橋梁設(shè)計(jì)中需要考慮的重要因素。在車橋系統(tǒng)動(dòng)力分析中,將車輛假定為在橋上勻速運(yùn)動(dòng)的研究已經(jīng)比較成熟;各國橋梁設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范也一般是基于汽車勻速行駛情況計(jì)算沖擊系數(shù)。然而實(shí)際交通狀況下,車輛在橋上遇突發(fā)狀況不可避免會作緊急剎車等非勻速運(yùn)動(dòng),導(dǎo)致橋梁的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)明顯大于勻速行駛情況,產(chǎn)生的沖擊系數(shù)可能會超過規(guī)范值。因此在車橋耦合振動(dòng)的研究中考慮汽車制動(dòng)的影響是很有必要的。本文應(yīng)用三維有限元車橋模型研究了汽車制動(dòng)作用下不同跨徑與截面形式的梁橋的動(dòng)力響應(yīng)及沖擊系數(shù),主要內(nèi)容有:(1)首先基于汽車勻速條件下的車橋耦合程序提出了考慮汽車變速運(yùn)動(dòng)的方法,通過車輛接觸力的變化規(guī)律驗(yàn)證了該方法的正確性;接著選取一輛兩軸汽車模型和美國規(guī)范中一座經(jīng)典的簡支預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土梁橋進(jìn)行研究,獲得了該橋的跨中動(dòng)力響應(yīng)及沖擊系數(shù),對影響沖擊系數(shù)的幾個(gè)重要參數(shù)進(jìn)行了研究,并簡單對比了汽車加速和減速結(jié)果的異同。(2)應(yīng)用該車橋耦合振動(dòng)程序,計(jì)算了五座不同跨徑的簡支預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土T梁橋在一輛典型重車(HS20-44)制動(dòng)作用下的位移、應(yīng)變和剪力沖擊系數(shù),考察了它們在不同工況下的異同,并且與美國規(guī)范和我國規(guī)范值進(jìn)行了對比,發(fā)現(xiàn)汽車制動(dòng)作用下的沖擊系數(shù)有超過規(guī)范值的現(xiàn)象。(3)計(jì)算了包括簡支和連續(xù)梁橋在內(nèi)的六座不同截面和跨徑的混凝土梁橋在三軸重車HS20-44制動(dòng)下的沖擊系數(shù),分別研究了剎車位置、減速度、速度、路面平整度等幾個(gè)重要因素對沖擊系數(shù)的影響規(guī)律,對不同截面類型梁橋的沖擊系數(shù)結(jié)果進(jìn)行了比較,并將計(jì)算的沖擊系數(shù)值與我國規(guī)范值進(jìn)行了對比。
[Abstract]:Vehicle load is one of the important loads required by bridge structure and an important factor to be considered in bridge design. The design codes of bridges all over the world generally calculate the impact coefficient based on the constant speed driving of the vehicle. However, under the actual traffic condition, it is inevitable for the vehicle to make non-uniform motion such as emergency brake in the bridge when the vehicle is in a sudden situation. As a result, the dynamic response of the bridge is obviously larger than that of the uniform speed. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the influence of vehicle braking in the study of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. In this paper, the three-dimensional finite element model is used to study the different effects of vehicle braking. The dynamic response and impact coefficient of beam bridges with span and cross section, Firstly, based on the vehicle-bridge coupling program under the condition of uniform vehicle speed, the method of considering the variable speed motion of the vehicle is put forward, and the correctness of the method is verified by the law of vehicle contact force. Then, a two-axle vehicle model and a classic simply supported prestressed concrete beam bridge in American Code are selected to study the dynamic response and impact coefficient of the bridge, and several important parameters affecting the impact coefficient are studied. The difference and similarities of acceleration and deceleration results of the vehicle are compared. (2) the displacement of five simply supported prestressed concrete T-beam bridges with different spans under the braking action of a typical heavy truck HS20-44) is calculated by using the coupled vibration program of the vehicle and bridge. The strain and shear impact coefficients are investigated, and the differences and similarities between them under different working conditions are investigated and compared with the values of the American Code and the Chinese Code. It is found that the impact coefficient of six concrete beam bridges with different cross-sections and spans under triaxial load truck HS20-44 braking is calculated by using the phenomenon that the impact coefficient of automobile brake is above the standard value. (3) the impact coefficient of six concrete beam bridges with different cross-sections and spans, including simply supported and continuous beam bridges, is calculated. The effects of braking position, deceleration, speed and pavement smoothness on impact coefficient are studied, and the results of impact coefficient of different cross-section girder bridges are compared. The calculated values of impact coefficient are compared with the values of China Code.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：U441.3

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