本文選題：財(cái)政支農(nóng) + 城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距��； 參考：《西南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開(kāi)放以來(lái),我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)取得了舉世矚目的成就,創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟(jì)世界中一個(gè)又一個(gè)“奇跡”,無(wú)論是整體經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力還是居民收入水平都得到大幅提升。但是,非均衡增長(zhǎng)尤其是城鄉(xiāng)居民間收入的非同步增長(zhǎng)已經(jīng)凸顯出來(lái),導(dǎo)致城鄉(xiāng)間居民收入差距呈不斷拉大的趨勢(shì)。農(nóng)業(yè)投入少、生產(chǎn)效率低、農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力過(guò)剩、城鄉(xiāng)產(chǎn)品價(jià)格差等一系列因素都是農(nóng)業(yè)低水平發(fā)展的原因,從而導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村居民收入增長(zhǎng)跟不上城市居民的增長(zhǎng)速度,二者之間的收入差距逐漸擴(kuò)大。 本文研究發(fā)現(xiàn),除了農(nóng)業(yè)本身的弱質(zhì)性以及城鄉(xiāng)二元體制等一系列內(nèi)在和外莊因素外,財(cái)政支農(nóng)低規(guī)模水平和不太合理的結(jié)構(gòu)也是城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的因素。其中,財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模支出量不斷增加對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距具有抑制效應(yīng),但是財(cái)政支農(nóng)在總財(cái)政中份額不斷下降卻起著顯著的拉大效應(yīng),這兩個(gè)指標(biāo)本來(lái)就是支農(nóng)規(guī)模不同視角的反映,所以二者效應(yīng)抵消后,財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出規(guī)模對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距抑制效應(yīng)不明顯,這與當(dāng)前現(xiàn)狀相符。財(cái)政支農(nóng)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理是抑制財(cái)政支農(nóng)提高農(nóng)民收入、抑制收入差距作用的根本原因。非生產(chǎn)性部門(mén)事業(yè)費(fèi)擠出生產(chǎn)性支出和其他促進(jìn)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展方面的支出,造成財(cái)政支農(nóng)資金使用效率低下；農(nóng)業(yè)科技三項(xiàng)費(fèi)、農(nóng)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施支出比重較低,沒(méi)能充分發(fā)揮這兩項(xiàng)支出的規(guī)模效應(yīng)及長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)；農(nóng)村救濟(jì)費(fèi)能夠顯著抑制收入差距但是其效應(yīng)時(shí)期較短,短期內(nèi)能起到直接提高農(nóng)民收入的作用。所以,如此低效率的財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出完全不符合發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化要求,深化財(cái)政支農(nóng)體制改革是縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的必由之路。 結(jié)合實(shí)證研究結(jié)果以及我國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展現(xiàn)實(shí)、農(nóng)民增收現(xiàn)狀,以及農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的新方向。筆者認(rèn)為一方面適當(dāng)穩(wěn)定增加財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模、在有限財(cái)政支農(nóng)規(guī)模上優(yōu)化其結(jié)構(gòu)是現(xiàn)階段財(cái)政政策調(diào)整的重要方向,逐步破除財(cái)政二元體制,適當(dāng)增加財(cái)政支農(nóng)份額,縮減部門(mén)事業(yè)費(fèi)等非生產(chǎn)性支出；大幅增加科技三項(xiàng)費(fèi)用、基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)支出,充分發(fā)揮這兩項(xiàng)支出的規(guī)模收益和長(zhǎng)期效應(yīng)；適當(dāng)穩(wěn)定增加農(nóng)村救濟(jì)費(fèi),短期內(nèi)能直接提高農(nóng)民收入。另一方面是財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出體制的建設(shè)和完善,財(cái)政支農(nóng)不是數(shù)字游戲,而是一項(xiàng)長(zhǎng)期工程,財(cái)政支農(nóng)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制的形成是保障農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化的必然出路。財(cái)政支農(nóng)長(zhǎng)效機(jī)制要求支農(nóng)資金在完善農(nóng)村土地流轉(zhuǎn)體制、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村土地使用、創(chuàng)新農(nóng)村經(jīng)營(yíng)體制、完善農(nóng)業(yè)科技服務(wù)體系等方面發(fā)揮主導(dǎo)作用。 總之,城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的形成是多方面因素造成的結(jié)果,要實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)民快速增收縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距也是一項(xiàng)綜合性、長(zhǎng)期性工程。財(cái)政支農(nóng)支出規(guī)模提升、結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化及體制創(chuàng)新是政府為主導(dǎo)調(diào)整城鄉(xiāng)收入分配主要調(diào)整措施,提高財(cái)政支農(nóng)資金使用效率是真正實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)業(yè)現(xiàn)代化、提高農(nóng)民收入、縮小城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距、以實(shí)現(xiàn)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)穩(wěn)定健康發(fā)展的必要條件。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economic growth has made remarkable achievements and created a "miracle" in the economic world. Both the overall economic strength and the income level of the residents have been greatly improved. However, the unbalanced growth, especially the non synchronous growth of urban and rural residents' income, has been highlighted, leading to the urban and rural areas. The income gap of the residents is increasing. A series of factors such as low agricultural input, low production efficiency, surplus rural labor and poor price of urban and rural products are the reasons for the low level of agricultural development, which leads to the growth rate of rural residents' income and the growth rate of urban residents, and the income gap between the two is gradually expanding.
In addition to a series of internal and external factors, such as the weak nature of agriculture itself and the two yuan system in urban and rural areas, the low level and unreasonable structure of the financial support for agriculture are also the factors of the income gap between urban and rural residents. The two indexes are reflected in the different perspectives of the scale of agriculture, so the effect of the scale of financial support on the income gap of urban and rural areas is not obvious after the two effect is offset, which is in conformity with the current situation. The root cause of the effect of raising farmers' income and restraining the income gap is that the non productive sector costs are squeezed out of productive expenditure and other expenditure on promoting agricultural development, resulting in the low efficiency of the use of financial support for agriculture; the three expenses of agricultural science and technology, the low proportion of agricultural infrastructure expenditure, and the failure to give full play to the regulations of these two expenditures Model effect and long-term effect, rural relief fee can significantly reduce the income gap but its effect period is short, short term can play a direct role in raising farmers' income. Therefore, such a low efficiency financial support expenditure is completely incompatible with the requirements of development of agricultural modernization, and deepening the reform of the system of financial support and agriculture is to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. The only way.
Combined with the results of empirical research and the reality of agricultural development in China, the current situation of farmers' income increase and the new direction of the development of agricultural modernization, the author thinks that it is an important direction for the adjustment of fiscal policy at the present stage to properly and steadily increase the scale of financial support and optimize its structure on the scale of the limited financial support for agriculture, and gradually break the two yuan system of finance. We should increase the share of financial support to agriculture, reduce the non productive expenditure and so on, and increase the three expenses of science and technology, the expenditure of infrastructure construction, give full play to the scale income and long-term effect of the two expenses, and increase the rural relief expenses properly and steadily. In the short term, the income of farmers can be improved directly. On the other hand, the system of financial support for agriculture is the expenditure system. The construction and improvement of the financial support for agriculture is not a digital game, but a long-term project. The formation of the long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture is the inevitable way to ensure the modernization of agriculture. The long-term mechanism of financial support for agriculture requires the supporting agricultural funds to improve the rural land circulation system, innovate the rural land use, innovate the rural management system and improve the agricultural scientific and technological service. System and other aspects play a leading role.
In a word, the formation of the income gap between urban and rural residents is the result of many factors. It is also comprehensive to realize the rapid increase of farmers' income and reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas. The long-term project. The scale of financial support for agriculture is promoted. The structure optimization and system innovation are the main adjustment measures to adjust the income distribution of urban and rural areas by the government, and improve the financial support. The use efficiency of agricultural capital is a necessary condition for realizing the modernization of agriculture, raising the income of farmers, narrowing the income gap between urban and rural residents, and realizing the stable and healthy development of our country's economy and society.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F124.7;F812.8

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