【摘要】：早在上個(gè)世紀(jì)后半期,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)國家的老齡化問題就已經(jīng)非常嚴(yán)重,從那時(shí)起,人口老齡化問題就已經(jīng)引起了學(xué)術(shù)界和社會(huì)的關(guān)注。而中國社會(huì)生活水平的不斷提高和計(jì)劃生育政策的后續(xù)影響,使中國人口老齡化進(jìn)程加快、形勢嚴(yán)峻,并且高齡老人所占比例日益上升。尤其是農(nóng)村老齡化現(xiàn)象非常嚴(yán)重,由于城鄉(xiāng)政治經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展不平衡,城市和農(nóng)村的養(yǎng)老差距也很大,農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的發(fā)展遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)落后于城市的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展。因此,養(yǎng)老問題越來越受到社會(huì)大眾的關(guān)注,而農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老問題則倍受關(guān)注。 隨著養(yǎng)老模式的研究與實(shí)踐的不斷推進(jìn)。當(dāng)前,“讓老年人回歸家庭和社區(qū)”——居家養(yǎng)老,已經(jīng)成為國際社會(huì)普遍推崇的養(yǎng)老方式。雖然人們對居家老養(yǎng)的概念表述不盡相同,但是基本上沒有超出以下概念范疇。所謂居家養(yǎng)老包括三層含義：一是老年人主要住在家里邊養(yǎng)老,二是對老年人的服務(wù)由家庭和社會(huì)共同承擔(dān),部分由政府購買；三是對老年人的生活支持由政府、家庭和社會(huì)共同完成。民政部2011年2月發(fā)布的社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)“十二五”規(guī)劃綱要指出,社會(huì)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)應(yīng)以居家為基礎(chǔ)、社區(qū)為依托、機(jī)構(gòu)為支撐,著眼于老年人的實(shí)際需求,提供具有適宜技術(shù)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù),優(yōu)先保障孤老優(yōu)撫對象、“三無”、“五�！奔暗褪杖氲母啐g獨(dú)居失能等養(yǎng)老困難老年人的服務(wù)需求。 基此,本文主要采用民族志田野調(diào)查方法,對吉林省白山市農(nóng)村老年人居家養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行了研究和分析,尤其關(guān)注白山市農(nóng)村困難、高齡和孤寡老年人的居家養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀的研究與分析,并針對吉林省白山市農(nóng)村老年人居家養(yǎng)老的特殊情況,對白山市農(nóng)村養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)進(jìn)行了探索。 本文提出并分析了白山市農(nóng)村基本健康的低齡老人居家養(yǎng)老狀況良好、全托和日托老人生活條件相對較好、失地失能和高齡老人居家養(yǎng)老狀況窘困、在家里居住的老年人精神生活匱乏、家庭對老年人的胳養(yǎng)功能極其弱化、社會(huì)支持系統(tǒng)不具有日常性、老人居家養(yǎng)老就近醫(yī)療受限、白山農(nóng)村老年人居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)缺乏政策指導(dǎo)、白山農(nóng)村居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)資金嚴(yán)重匱乏、農(nóng)村居家養(yǎng)老服務(wù)隊(duì)伍薄弱等現(xiàn)狀。在國家相關(guān)方針政策的基礎(chǔ)上提出針對白山農(nóng)村老年人居家養(yǎng)老問題的對策建議。
[Abstract]:As early as the second half of the last century, the problem of aging in developed countries has been very serious. Since then, the problem of population aging has attracted the attention of academia and society. The continuous improvement of China's social living standards and the subsequent impact of the family planning policy make the aging process of China's population accelerate, the situation is grim, and the proportion of the elderly is rising day by day. Especially the phenomenon of rural aging is very serious, because of the imbalance between urban and rural political and economic development, the gap between urban and rural old-age care is also very large, the development of rural old-age services far lags behind the development of urban old-age services. Therefore, the pension problem is more and more concerned by the public, while the rural pension problem is paid more and more attention. Along with the endowment model research and the practice unceasing advancement. At present, "to return the elderly to the family and community"-home-care, has become the international community widely respected pension. Although the concept of home support is not the same, but basically not beyond the following categories of concepts. The so-called home pension includes three meanings: one is that the elderly mainly live in the home to provide for the aged, the other is that the services for the elderly are shared by the family and the society, and partly purchased by the government; Third, support for the life of the elderly by the government, families and society to complete. In February 2011, the Ministry of Civil Affairs issued the outline of the 12th Five-Year Plan for the Construction of the Social Endowment Service system, which pointed out that the construction of the social old-age service system should be based on the home, supported by the community, supported by the institutions, and focused on the actual needs of the elderly. To provide old-age service with appropriate technology, and to give priority to the care of the elderly, such as "three noes", "five guarantees" and low income old people living alone and incapacitated, and so on. Based on this, this paper mainly adopts the ethnographic fieldwork method, carries on the research and the analysis to the present situation of the old people living at home in Baishan City, Jilin Province, especially pays attention to the difficulties in the rural areas of Baishan City. This paper studies and analyzes the present situation of the aged and widowed elderly at home, and probes into the construction of the rural old-age service system in Baishan City, Jilin Province, in view of the special situation of the elderly in the rural areas of Baishan City, Jilin Province. This paper puts forward and analyzes the basic health of Baishan rural young old people living at home pension condition is good, the living conditions of the whole care and day care elderly is relatively good, the loss of land disability and the old people living at home are poor. The spiritual life of the elderly living at home is scarce, the family is extremely weak to the elderly, the social support system does not have a daily routine, and the elderly are confined to the nearest medical care for the aged at home. Baishan rural elderly home pension service lack of policy guidance, Baishan rural home pension service funds are seriously scarce, rural home pension service team is weak and so on. On the basis of relevant national policies, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the aged in Baishan rural areas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D669.6;D422.6

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