本文選題：漁船燃油補貼 + 行政補貼��； 參考：《大連海事大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：漁船燃油補貼政策是國務(wù)院2006年決定對使用機動漁船從事捕撈和養(yǎng)殖生產(chǎn)的漁民和漁業(yè)企業(yè)制定的一項惠及上千萬漁民的陽光政策。這一惠漁政策實施8年來,取得了良好的社會效果的同時,也為海事法院強制執(zhí)行船員勞務(wù)合同糾紛和海上人身損害賠償糾紛案件提供了便利。但在實踐中,由于對漁船燃油補貼的性質(zhì)尚沒有定論,對其是否可執(zhí)行以及如何執(zhí)行缺乏統(tǒng)一標準,以至于在對漁船燃油補貼的強制執(zhí)行過程中出現(xiàn)了諸多問題。本文即對這些問題加以了探討。本文主要包括四部分內(nèi)容：第一部分簡要介紹漁船燃油補概述,漁船燃油補貼系政策性產(chǎn)物,其產(chǎn)生的時間比較晚,背景也比較特殊,隨著國際油價的變動而存亡,雖然未來有不確定性,但其存在必然有其價值,本文從司法角度來認識和分析漁船燃油補貼,對燃油補貼相關(guān)政策簡要介紹,為下文對漁船燃油補貼的性質(zhì)分析提供幫助；第二部分主要詳細分析漁船燃油補貼的法律性質(zhì),漁船燃油補貼屬于我國農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的一種,農(nóng)業(yè)補貼存在有其特定的政治、經(jīng)濟背景,農(nóng)業(yè)補貼的性質(zhì)是通過財政資金的無償補助而進行的一種再分配形式,是國家的一種行政行為,即行政補貼。目前,我國沒有一部很系統(tǒng)的行政補貼方面的法律,對行政補貼的性質(zhì)尚存在爭議,這也是本文論述的中心,通過對補貼性質(zhì)的法律分析,來解答司法實踐中遇到的困境；第三部分,本文主要介紹漁船燃油補貼對現(xiàn)階段法院強制執(zhí)行的影響,并通過案例來講述在強制執(zhí)行過程中遇到的司法困境,造成困境的原因一方面來自于政府職能部門對漁船燃油補貼性質(zhì)的曲解,以至于不愿意配合法院執(zhí)行工作,另一方面來自于漁民或漁業(yè)企業(yè)對漁船管理和交易上的誤解；第四部分主要對法院強制執(zhí)行燃油補貼時遇到的問題進行分析,論述了漁業(yè)管理部門對法院強制執(zhí)行燃油補貼必須協(xié)助,有爭議的漁船燃油補貼應(yīng)如何強制執(zhí)行,包括在輪候查封和雇主與船主不一致兩種情況下通過對漁船燃油補貼的強制執(zhí)行來實現(xiàn)船員享有的船舶優(yōu)先權(quán)；為更好保護船員利益,提出針對燃油補貼的保全和執(zhí)行全部由海事法院專屬管轄的建議。
[Abstract]:The fuel subsidy policy for fishing vessels is a sunshine policy decided by the State Council in 2006 to benefit tens of millions of fishermen who use motorized fishing boats for fishing and aquaculture. In the past 8 years, this policy has achieved good social effects, and has also provided convenience for maritime courts in enforcing disputes over crew labor contracts and disputes over compensation for personal injury at sea. But in practice, because the nature of fuel subsidy to fishing vessel is still uncertain, whether it can be implemented and how to enforce it is lack of uniform standard, so there are many problems in the enforcement process of fuel subsidy for fishing vessel. This paper discusses these problems. This paper mainly includes four parts: the first part briefly introduces the overview of fuel supplement of fishing vessel. The fuel subsidy of fishing vessel is a policy product, which comes into being later and has a special background. It survives with the change of international oil price. Although there is uncertainty in the future, its existence is bound to have its value. This paper analyzes the fuel subsidy of fishing vessels from the judicial point of view, briefly introduces the related policies of fuel subsidies, and provides help for the analysis of the nature of fuel subsidies for fishing vessels. The second part mainly analyzes the legal nature of fishing vessel fuel subsidy in detail. Fishing vessel fuel subsidy is a kind of agricultural subsidy in China. Agricultural subsidy has its specific political and economic background. The nature of agricultural subsidy is a form of redistribution through the free subsidy of financial funds, which is an administrative act of the state, namely administrative subsidy. At present, our country does not have a very systematic administrative subsidy law, the nature of the administrative subsidy is still controversial, this is the center of this article, through the legal analysis of the nature of subsidies, to solve the difficulties encountered in judicial practice; In the third part, this paper mainly introduces the impact of fishing vessel fuel subsidy on the enforcement of the court at this stage, and describes the judicial difficulties encountered in the process of enforcement through a case study. On the one hand, the reasons for the difficulties come from the misinterpretation of the nature of fuel subsidies of fishing vessels by government departments, so that they are not willing to cooperate with the courts to carry out their work, on the other hand, the misunderstanding about the management and trading of fishing vessels by fishermen or fishing enterprises; The fourth part mainly analyzes the problems encountered in the enforcement of fuel subsidy by the court, and discusses how the fishery management department must assist the court to enforce the fuel subsidy, and how to enforce the fuel subsidy for the disputed fishing vessel. Including the realization of maritime liens enjoyed by crew through enforcement of fuel subsidies for fishing vessels in the case of waiting lists and inconsistencies between employers and ship owners; and in order to better protect the interests of crew members, It is proposed that the preservation and enforcement of fuel subsidies shall be exclusively under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Maritime Court.
【學位授予單位】：大連海事大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D922.4

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