本文選題：《鹽鐵論》　切入點：引事　出處：《揚州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：《鹽鐵論》是漢昭帝時廬江太守桓寬就原有關(guān)于鹽鐵會議的記錄整理編次而成的政論性著作。它是對話體,記載了當時對漢武帝時期的政治、經(jīng)濟、軍事、外交、文化等的一次大辯論。里面廣征博引,所涉及到的時期從先秦之前至秦漢無一不包。既有傳說故事、寓言故事和歷史史實,也有先秦諸子及其他著作言語,內(nèi)容豐富多彩,可謂一部精彩的“對話體歷史小說”。就目前的研究來看,關(guān)于《鹽鐵論》引用方面的研究主要集中在引書用書,而引事等其他方面幾乎沒有涉及。本文采用劉勰《文心雕龍》對“事類”(即引用)的分類,分為引事和引辭。本文引事的“事”主要指《鹽鐵論》涉及到的從先秦之前到秦的傳說故事、寓言故事和歷史史實。引辭的“辭”主要是《鹽鐵論》所涉及到的先秦之前到秦的先秦諸子及其他著作的言語,可以是原話,也可以是對原話稍加變形,或者援引大意。鑒于以上情況,本文從以下四個部分入手:第一部分梳理、歸整《鹽鐵論》文本引事內(nèi)容。《鹽鐵論》引事內(nèi)容豐富且龐雜,如果件件歷數(shù)故事,就會缺少邏輯且很難統(tǒng)計。所以本文選取從人物所處的時期和國別來進行分類,來統(tǒng)計人物出現(xiàn)次數(shù),并歸納人物故事。文本分別從傳說時代、夏商周時期、春秋戰(zhàn)國時期和秦朝四個分期對人物進行分類,涉及到的人物故事主要包括傳說故事、寓言故事和歷史故事等。春秋戰(zhàn)國涉及人物眾多,又可以通過國別進行分類,窮盡性地統(tǒng)計人物出現(xiàn)的次數(shù),并歸納人物故事的內(nèi)容,來探究《鹽鐵論》豐富的引事內(nèi)容,提供一定的文獻價值。第二部分梳理、歸整《鹽鐵論》文本引辭內(nèi)容。這一部分主要研究先秦諸子以及其他著作中出現(xiàn)的言語,分為明引和暗引兩類。明引又可以分為言說動詞類和書(篇)名類。《鹽鐵論》暗引情況比較復(fù)雜,所以本人以兩句或者兩句以上的句子為研究語料,來統(tǒng)計暗引數(shù)據(jù),而以詞、短語等鑲嵌在一句話中的材料不在本文研究范圍內(nèi)。因為漢代化用典籍材料比較多,所以暗引根據(jù)不同的情況又可以分為原文援引、換詞援引、大意援引、補充援引、增詞援引、省略援引、加減援引和重組援引等八類。通過對《鹽鐵論》引辭分析,可以了解西漢典籍的使用情況,也可以利用現(xiàn)有文獻材料來去偽存真、辨別研究文獻材料。第三部分通過前兩章對《鹽鐵論》引用文本的分析,來歸納引用特色。這一部分可以分為引事特色和引辭特色。引事特色主要從三個方面來講:一是引事的豐富性和情感的傾向性;二是語言標記用于銜接引事內(nèi)容,這些標記后面往往直接加傳說故事、歷史故事或風俗習慣等內(nèi)容,可分為時間詞標記和連詞標記。時間標記主要有“昔、昔者”,“古、古者”和“……之時”;連詞標記主要有“是以”、“故”和“此……也”;三是引用與其他修辭手法的兼用,主要是引用和對比、排比、對偶的兼用。從這三個方面分析《鹽鐵論》引事文本的獨特之處。引辭特色主要有從四個方面來講:一是引辭來源的多樣性,既有儒家經(jīng)典,又有法家經(jīng)典,還有史書兵書等,來源十分豐富;二是引辭類型的豐富性,無論是明引還是暗引,都可以分成不同的類型;三是引辭模式的獨特性,主要有三種情況:一種是既列舉傳說故事或者歷史故事,又引諸子言辭或者其他著作言辭,然后由前面論據(jù)衍生出自己的觀點,即“引事+引辭+觀點”型;一種是先引諸子言辭或者其他著作言辭作為論據(jù),然后由此衍生出自己的觀點,即“引辭+觀點”型;一種是先說出自己的觀點,然后用諸子言辭或者其他著作言辭作為證明,即“觀點+引辭”型。四是引辭作用的突出性,主要有三個突出作用:對比、強化和定論。從以上四個方面分析《鹽鐵論》引辭的來源、類型、模式、作用的特色。第四部分《鹽鐵論》引用的修辭動因,分別從語言動因、社會動因和心理動因三個方面進行研究。語言動因,根據(jù)《鹽鐵論》引用狀況,借助模因論相關(guān)理論進行闡釋。引用屬于模因的一種,主要通過重復(fù)和類推兩種方式產(chǎn)生和發(fā)展;社會動因,根據(jù)《鹽鐵論》產(chǎn)生的時代背景,分別從社會變革和社會風氣兩大方面談兩者對引用內(nèi)容的影響;語言離不來心理,引用也受到心理方面的影響,心理動因主要有三個方面體現(xiàn):信仰權(quán)威,辯駁增力;以古論今,引起共鳴;引經(jīng)尊圣,顯示才學(xué)。從以上分析,力圖較客觀、全面地分析《鹽鐵論》的修辭動因。
[Abstract]:< > Yantielun is the Emperor Han Zhao Huan Kuan is the original Lujiang Prefecture about the meeting record of salt and political work. It is a dialogue, recorded at the time of the Han Dynasty period of political, economic, military, diplomatic, cultural and other a great debate. Inside the citation. Involved in the period from Qin Dynasty to Han Dynasty before a package. Both legends, fables and historical facts, there are pre Qin and other works of speech, rich and colorful content, is a wonderful "dialogue history fiction". The presentresearch in Yantielun < > reference the research mainly concentrated in the cited books, and other things are seldom. This thesis adopts Liu Xie < > on the "thing" Wenxindiaolong (i.e. reference) classification, divided into Yin Shi and resignation. This paper cited the thing "thing" mainly refers to the Yantielun involved < > from the pre Qin period the Prior to the Qin legends, fables and historical facts. Resignation before the "speech" is mainly involved in Yantielun < > of the pre Qin Dynasty to the pre Qin Qin and other works of words can be said, can also be said to little deformation, or as the effect. In view of the above situation, this article from the the following four parts: the first part of the comb, warping < Yantielun > text content. It cited Yantielun quoted something rich and complex, if the piece will enumerate the story, lack of logic and difficult to statistics. So this paper selects from the characters of the period and country classification, Frequency Statistics figures the characters in the story. The text summarized respectively from the legend era, Xia and Shang Dynasties, spring and autumn and Warring States period and Qin four stages to classify the characters, the story involves characters including legends, fables and historical stories in the spring and autumn. The Warring States involves many characters, and can be classified by country Statistics figures exhaustive number of occurrences, and summarized the characters of the story, to explore the content of lead. < Yantielun > rich, provides certain literature value. The second part combs, warping < Yantielun > text cited speech content. This part the main research works in the pre Qin and other words, divided into Ming and dark. Two lead lead lead Ming can be divided into speech verbs and books (articles). The name of Yantielun > black lead is more complex, so I take two or two more sentences as the research corpus, statistics cited dark the data, but in terms of phrases, inlaid materials in a sentence is not included in this study. Because the Han Dynasty used books material more, so the dark cited according to different situations and can be divided into the original quoted words, quoted, careless quoted, citing supplement, Epexegesis quoted, cited and quoted ellipsis, and quoted the restructuring and other eight categories. By introducing the speech analysis of Yantielun < >, can understand the use of the Western Han Dynasty classics, also can use the existing literature material and true, identification of literature materials. The third part through the first two chapters of "salt iron theory > quoted text analysis, to summarize the reference features. This part can be divided into Yin Shi characteristics and resignation characteristics. Cited characteristics mainly include three aspects: one is the tendency of the rich and emotional things lead; two is a markup language for connecting things lead content, these surfaces are usually directly labeled tales. History or custom content, can be divided into time markers and conjunctions markers. Time markers are" in the "," ancient, ancient "and". The "main" mark; conjunction with "," reason "and". This is a reference to its three "; 浠栦慨杈炴墜娉曠殑鍏肩敤,涓昏鏄紩鐢ㄥ拰瀵規(guī)瘮,鎺掓瘮,瀵瑰伓鐨勫吋鐢，

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