本文關(guān)鍵詞：中美反恐合作的機(jī)制化研究　出處：《北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：近年來(lái),恐怖襲擊席卷全球,呈現(xiàn)蔓延擴(kuò)大之勢(shì)。中美兩國(guó)面臨境內(nèi)外愈加嚴(yán)重的恐怖威脅,反恐成為兩國(guó)的利益契合點(diǎn)和兩國(guó)合作的重要內(nèi)容。目前,中美雙方在政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、司法、情報(bào)交流等領(lǐng)域開(kāi)展了一系列合作。如,中美反恐合作小組的建立;2008年北京奧運(yùn)的安保協(xié)作;集裝箱安全倡議的簽署;對(duì)簡(jiǎn)易爆炸裝置的聯(lián)合打擊。反恐合作成果顯著。盡管兩國(guó)對(duì)推進(jìn)反恐合作寄予厚望,但事實(shí)證明,中美反恐合作并非坦途,矛盾和分歧不斷。不同的法律制度、意識(shí)形態(tài)和國(guó)家利益造成了兩國(guó)在具體的反恐合作中步調(diào)難以一致,合作遇到不少阻力。兩國(guó)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人在反復(fù)磋商后,決定通過(guò)加強(qiáng)有序的反恐合作機(jī)制建設(shè),挖掘中美反恐合作的深度,建立制度化保障,確保反恐合作的可持續(xù)性。值得注意的是,兩國(guó)的強(qiáng)烈意愿并不能保證機(jī)制的順利推行,它仍需理論的指引。對(duì)此,國(guó)際機(jī)制理論無(wú)疑具有重要的指導(dǎo)意義。它為新自由主義所推崇,主張通過(guò)原則、規(guī)則、規(guī)范、決策程序的建立,規(guī)約理性行為體的單方國(guó)家行動(dòng),保障合作的效力。國(guó)際機(jī)制雖然是一個(gè)多邊概念,但也依然適用于中美雙邊反恐合作的機(jī)制化建設(shè)。由于兩個(gè)行為體之間較易達(dá)成更多的共同利益,合作的可能性和分歧的解決機(jī)率會(huì)大幅度提高,雙邊合作機(jī)制成為實(shí)踐中較為普遍又最為有效的合作機(jī)制,也是多邊合作的基石。因此,研究中美反恐合作的機(jī)制化建設(shè)過(guò)程及存在的問(wèn)題,對(duì)促進(jìn)并深化中美反恐合作具有重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。"9 · 11"事件爆發(fā)后,兩國(guó)連續(xù)開(kāi)展中美跨機(jī)構(gòu)反恐磋商、副外長(zhǎng)級(jí)反恐磋商,建立了打擊網(wǎng)絡(luò)犯罪高級(jí)別對(duì)話機(jī)制。這些機(jī)制對(duì)中美實(shí)現(xiàn)跨境打擊恐怖勢(shì)力起到了重要作用。然而,由于兩國(guó)在意識(shí)形態(tài)和法律體系上存在根本差異、在主權(quán)和人權(quán)問(wèn)題上的巨大分歧,中美反恐合作機(jī)制化建設(shè)陷入瓶頸。在既有的反恐機(jī)制建設(shè)中,中國(guó)更傾向于防御型反恐,美國(guó)則為遏制型反恐。美國(guó)在機(jī)制的創(chuàng)設(shè)和具體條款的制定上,更占據(jù)主動(dòng),也享有更多的話語(yǔ)權(quán)。美國(guó)難以放棄反恐的"雙重標(biāo)準(zhǔn)",將許多爆發(fā)在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的恐怖事件視為中國(guó)內(nèi)部民族問(wèn)題,對(duì)東突勢(shì)力采取漠視和借力打力的企圖。盡管如此,仍有許多反恐斗爭(zhēng)需要中美兩國(guó)攜手努力。如,阿富汗重建問(wèn)題,非洲境內(nèi)的反恐合作,及2022年北京冬奧會(huì)的安保工作。因此,中美反恐合作機(jī)制建設(shè)仍然勢(shì)在必行。若想繼續(xù)推進(jìn)中美反恐合作機(jī)制化建設(shè),需要了解中美兩國(guó)對(duì)恐怖主義的看法、對(duì)反恐合作的利益訴求及根本立場(chǎng)。在明確了雙方反恐合作的目的之后,比較中美在反恐合作機(jī)制建設(shè)中的優(yōu)勢(shì)與劣勢(shì),機(jī)遇與挑戰(zhàn)�？偨Y(jié)起來(lái),中美反恐合作機(jī)制化的真正實(shí)現(xiàn),取決于能否明確區(qū)分哪些是中美兩國(guó)希望較大的合作領(lǐng)域,哪些是希望渺茫的合作領(lǐng)域。對(duì)于觸及雙方根本原則的合作,應(yīng)妥善回避。兩國(guó)對(duì)反恐合作的期許也需做適當(dāng)改變。畢竟,中美所追求的并非是程度更廣更深的合作,而是更符合國(guó)際形勢(shì)的合作。
[Abstract]:In recent years, terrorist attacks across the world, showing the spread of the potential to expand. The two countries facing domestic and foreign more serious terrorist threats, terrorism has become an important part of bilateral interests and cooperation between the two countries. At present, the two sides in the political, economic, legal, information exchange and other areas to carry out a series of cooperation. For example, the establishment of Sino US anti-terrorism cooperation group; 2008 Beijing Olympic security cooperation signed; container security initiative; United against improvised explosive devices. The results of cooperation. The two countries to promote significant anti-terrorism anti-terrorism cooperation despite high hopes, but the fact that Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation is not smooth, the contradictions and differences. Different legal systems, ideology and national interests the two steps in the anti-terrorism cooperation caused the difficult, encountered a lot of resistance. The leaders of the two countries cooperation in repeated consultations, decided by strengthening the orderly The construction of cooperation mechanism on terrorism, mining depth of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation, the establishment of the system of security, to ensure the sustainability of counter-terrorism cooperation. It is worth noting that the strong will between the two countries does not guarantee the smooth implementation of the mechanism, it still needs the guidance of theory. In this regard, the international mechanism theory has important guiding significance. It is free "highly advocated by the principles, rules, norms, the establishment of the decision procedure, the statute reason behavior of unilateral national action, security cooperation. The validity of the international mechanism is a multilateral concept, but also suitable for the construction of the mechanism of bilateral cooperation between the two. The body is easy to reach a common behavior benefit more, and the possibility of cooperation to solve the probability of differences will greatly enhance the bilateral cooperation mechanism, becoming more and more popular and the most effective cooperation mechanism in practice, but also multilateral cooperation The foundation. Therefore, research on the Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction process and the existing problems, to promote and has important practical significance to deepen Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation. "9 - 11" after the incident, the two countries to carry out continuous Sino US interagency counterterrorism consultation, Deputy Foreign Minister level counter-terrorism consultation, established a high level dialogue against cyber crime mechanism. These mechanisms plays an important role in Sino US cross-border combat terrorist forces play. However, because of the existence of the fundamental differences in ideology and legal system, the huge differences in sovereignty and human rights issues, Sino US anti terrorist cooperation mechanism construction into a bottleneck. In the existing anti-terrorism mechanism construction, China tend to defense the United States is to curb terrorism type, type of terror. The United States in the formulation mechanism and the creation of specific terms, but also take the initiative to have more right to speak. The United States is difficult to give up the "double counter Standard ", many will erupt in the Chinese terrorist event as China internal ethnic problems, to attempt to ignore and leveraging the power of the East Turkistan forces. Nevertheless, there are still many struggle against terrorism requires both countries to work together. For example, the reconstruction of Afghanistan, counter-terrorism cooperation in Africa within the territory, and the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympics the work of the security. Therefore, the construction of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism still is imperative. To continue to promote the Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction, the two countries need to understand the views on terrorism, interests and fundamental position on counter-terrorism cooperation. After defining both counter-terrorism cooperation, Sino US comparison of advantages and disadvantages in anti-terrorism cooperation mechanism construction the opportunities and challenges. To sum up, the real implementation of Sino US counter-terrorism cooperation mechanism, depends on the ability to distinguish between what is the two countries hope larger The areas of cooperation, which is expected to touch the fundamental principles for cooperation. The cooperation between the two sides, should be properly avoided. The two countries on anti-terrorism cooperation expectations also need to make some appropriate changes. After all, China is not the pursuit of the degree of a broader and deeper cooperation, but more in line with the international situation.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：D815.5;D822.371.2

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