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信息技術(shù)支撐下的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管技術(shù)體系研究與應(yīng)用

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-09-02 07:15
【摘要】:國(guó)土資源是人類(lèi)生存和社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),也是我國(guó)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的基本保障。我國(guó)國(guó)土面積廣闊,而人均資源相對(duì)稀缺,同時(shí),開(kāi)發(fā)利用又涉及到諸多紛繁復(fù)雜的利益關(guān)系,一方面要面對(duì)“保發(fā)展保紅線”的雙保難題,另一方面又要保障國(guó)民糧食安全,保護(hù)資源環(huán)境,現(xiàn)時(shí)還要將國(guó)土資源作為重要戰(zhàn)略地位參與國(guó)家宏觀調(diào)控。因此,積極加強(qiáng)國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管力度,科學(xué)、合理地開(kāi)發(fā)利用資源成為現(xiàn)階段擬待解決的迫切問(wèn)題。 近年來(lái),國(guó)土資源部提出要解放思想、改革創(chuàng)新,轉(zhuǎn)變管理理念、職能和方式,從微觀轉(zhuǎn)向宏觀,從重審批轉(zhuǎn)向重監(jiān)管,從重項(xiàng)目實(shí)施轉(zhuǎn)向完善制度安排,通過(guò)綜合運(yùn)用法律、行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)、科技四大調(diào)控手段,建立“天上看、地上查、網(wǎng)上管”的國(guó)土資源管理新體系,強(qiáng)化監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)管,服務(wù)社會(huì)公眾;诖,本文以國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管為中心,以其基本業(yè)務(wù)屬性分類(lèi)的土地資源管理、礦產(chǎn)資源管理、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治及應(yīng)急指揮三個(gè)方面為主要研究對(duì)象,立足系統(tǒng)論、信息論等多學(xué)科理論,采用理論分析與實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合、技術(shù)設(shè)計(jì)與綜合示范相補(bǔ)充的研究方法,全面分析國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的內(nèi)涵、目標(biāo)、主要內(nèi)容,并選擇以地市級(jí)國(guó)土資源主管部門(mén)從決策、執(zhí)法、監(jiān)督三個(gè)層面的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管需求為關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié),在現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)支撐下搭建智能化國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),形成基本分析思路,即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建、設(shè)計(jì)“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個(gè)層面應(yīng)用、遵循“全面性、整體性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),在該思路的指導(dǎo)下提出指標(biāo)監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測(cè)、災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察、應(yīng)急指揮6種國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管模式,形成了實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的基本研究框架,構(gòu)建了以信息技術(shù)為主的科技手段融入國(guó)土資源管理的分層式國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管技術(shù)體系,為國(guó)土資源管理、監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)管提供了新的思路和方法。 通過(guò)本文分析及研究,得出以下主要的研究結(jié)論: (1)立足于系統(tǒng)科學(xué)理論,面向國(guó)土資源管理,對(duì)國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的內(nèi)涵和基本特征進(jìn)行了深入的剖析和研究,認(rèn)為國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的最終目標(biāo)是提高國(guó)土資源保障能力和保護(hù)水平,促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)社會(huì)全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展,提出了基于信息技術(shù)支撐下實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管應(yīng)遵循的四個(gè)基本原則,即統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃加強(qiáng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)、面向決策服務(wù)管理、客觀準(zhǔn)確動(dòng)態(tài)及時(shí)、安全規(guī)范穩(wěn)定高效,同時(shí)認(rèn)為國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管應(yīng)在事前、事中、事后三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)對(duì)國(guó)土資源動(dòng)態(tài)監(jiān)測(cè)與配置、規(guī)劃、利用與保護(hù)四個(gè)方面實(shí)現(xiàn)監(jiān)管,并在此基礎(chǔ)上,,形成國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的基本理論框架。該框架,進(jìn)一步從管理、業(yè)務(wù)層面分析了國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的需求,認(rèn)為國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管貫穿于整個(gè)國(guó)土資源管理的各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)和過(guò)程,總體上共分為三個(gè)層次,即:為領(lǐng)導(dǎo)及宏觀調(diào)控提供依據(jù)和服務(wù)的決策層面、為基層工作人員在具體執(zhí)行或落實(shí)國(guó)土資源管理政策及法律法規(guī)等業(yè)務(wù)和工作的執(zhí)行層面,以及為中層干部或紀(jì)檢部門(mén)提供監(jiān)督檢查服務(wù)的監(jiān)督層面。 (2)基于上述提出的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管理論框架,提出了搭建國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)的主要思路,即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),設(shè)計(jì)“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個(gè)層次應(yīng)用綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)、遵循“全面性、整體性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)。研究認(rèn)為實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管,須從多角度、多層次、多方面進(jìn)行深入推廣和應(yīng)用,提出了國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的6種模式,即指標(biāo)監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測(cè)、災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察和應(yīng)急指揮。采用分層結(jié)構(gòu),在信息技術(shù)支撐下提出了依托科技手段實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)的五層總體技術(shù)架構(gòu),即提供軟硬件環(huán)境的平臺(tái)層、數(shù)據(jù)動(dòng)態(tài)獲取和采集的監(jiān)測(cè)層、用于數(shù)據(jù)存儲(chǔ)和分析的數(shù)據(jù)層、以Web2.0為架構(gòu)的服務(wù)層,以及面向用戶(hù)的應(yīng)用層。 (3)采用企業(yè)應(yīng)用集成(EAI)、硬件虛擬化及網(wǎng)絡(luò)負(fù)載均衡、軟件即服務(wù)(SaaS)、海量空間數(shù)據(jù)高效管理、空間數(shù)據(jù)ETL、空間信息獲取及共享服務(wù)、現(xiàn)代通信等技術(shù),在國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)的總體架構(gòu)下構(gòu)建了實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)的一整套技術(shù)體系,并形成了基于移動(dòng)終端的野外數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)、基于高分辨率遙感圖像的監(jiān)測(cè)系統(tǒng)、基于數(shù)據(jù)偵聽(tīng)技術(shù)的業(yè)務(wù)辦理監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、基于視頻技術(shù)的實(shí)時(shí)視頻監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)、基于衛(wèi)星/3G無(wú)線通信技術(shù)的遠(yuǎn)程視頻會(huì)議系統(tǒng)的5種國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管方法;谠摷夹g(shù)體系,以成都市為綜合示范試驗(yàn)區(qū)進(jìn)行了應(yīng)用示范,搭建了“1庫(kù)3平臺(tái)”,即成都市國(guó)土資源核心數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和辦公門(mén)戶(hù)、數(shù)據(jù)門(mén)戶(hù)、監(jiān)測(cè)指揮(數(shù)據(jù))中心。 (4)上述國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管理論框架及其技術(shù)體系所形成的國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)在成都綜合示范試驗(yàn)區(qū)應(yīng)用示范效果良好,并分別在年度衛(wèi)片執(zhí)法檢查、土地利用變化監(jiān)測(cè)、土地執(zhí)法動(dòng)態(tài)巡查及管理、例行督查圖斑分析核查、耕地保護(hù)及耕;鸢l(fā)放核查、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)與預(yù)警、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害應(yīng)急指揮、行政效能監(jiān)察、土地節(jié)約集約利用評(píng)價(jià)、業(yè)務(wù)并聯(lián)審批及反腐倡廉、國(guó)土資源現(xiàn)狀分析等方面取得了顯著的應(yīng)用和示范效果。 本研究的創(chuàng)新認(rèn)識(shí): (1)以土地資源、礦產(chǎn)資源、地質(zhì)災(zāi)害防治及應(yīng)急指揮為研究對(duì)象,面向國(guó)土資源管理及其監(jiān)測(cè)監(jiān)管,構(gòu)建了國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管理論框架,包括國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的主要內(nèi)容及其監(jiān)管環(huán)節(jié),并以地市級(jí)國(guó)土資源主管部門(mén)出發(fā),從決策、監(jiān)督、執(zhí)行三個(gè)層面分析了國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的需求,提出了搭建國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)的主要思路,即按照統(tǒng)籌城鄉(xiāng)的思路和方法搭建、設(shè)計(jì)“決策、執(zhí)行、監(jiān)督”三個(gè)層面應(yīng)用、遵循“全面性、整體性、關(guān)聯(lián)性、共享性”原則共享、采用“集中同步、分布匯交”模式更新綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),為國(guó)土資源管理提供了新的研究思路。 (2)構(gòu)建了以信息技術(shù)為支撐的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管技術(shù)體系。國(guó)土資源管理具有復(fù)雜性、多樣性的特點(diǎn),國(guó)土資源各業(yè)務(wù)之間具有相互的關(guān)聯(lián)性,例如土地的“征、供、用、保、查”業(yè)務(wù),是相互關(guān)聯(lián)、有機(jī)聯(lián)系的整體,某類(lèi)業(yè)務(wù)是另一類(lèi)業(yè)務(wù)的基礎(chǔ)和條件;某類(lèi)業(yè)務(wù)的結(jié)果,既是另一類(lèi)業(yè)務(wù)的依據(jù),也是相關(guān)指標(biāo)變化的根據(jù)。本研究充分依托科技手段,綜合運(yùn)用和集成多學(xué)科的研究方法與手段,突出管理科學(xué)與技術(shù)學(xué)科相結(jié)合,構(gòu)建以數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理、空間信息技術(shù)、軟件工程技術(shù)、網(wǎng)絡(luò)技術(shù)、無(wú)線通信技術(shù)等現(xiàn)代信息技術(shù)支撐下的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管技術(shù)體系,并在國(guó)土資源管理的事前、事中、事后三個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)通過(guò)指標(biāo)監(jiān)管、資源監(jiān)測(cè)、災(zāi)害監(jiān)測(cè)、審批監(jiān)管、行政監(jiān)察、應(yīng)急指揮六種模式建設(shè)和應(yīng)用,以打通各系統(tǒng)、各平臺(tái)、各業(yè)務(wù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,實(shí)現(xiàn)多種研究方法與手段的有機(jī)整合,從而更好地服務(wù)于國(guó)土資源管理。 (3)以系統(tǒng)論的思想,將國(guó)土資源管理以一個(gè)相互聯(lián)系、完整有序、動(dòng)態(tài)變化的整體進(jìn)行研究,在國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的理論框架及其技術(shù)體系的指導(dǎo)下,在成都綜合應(yīng)用示范區(qū)搭建了成都市國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),并取得良好應(yīng)用效果。傳統(tǒng)的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管或管理大多以單個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)或少數(shù)幾個(gè)業(yè)務(wù)進(jìn)行研究和分析,直接針對(duì)其本身存在的問(wèn)題制定對(duì)策和解決辦法,本文以系統(tǒng)論思想作為理論指導(dǎo)綜合運(yùn)用控制論、現(xiàn)代信息論的基本思路和方法,堅(jiān)持系統(tǒng)性、整體性為研究理念,將國(guó)土資源管理視為一個(gè)有機(jī)整體,深入研究國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái)與各業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,在整體到局部的層層剖析中把握國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管的本質(zhì)特征并打通監(jiān)管平臺(tái)與業(yè)務(wù)系統(tǒng)、業(yè)務(wù)與業(yè)務(wù)之間的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,建立以“征、供、用、保、查”為主線的國(guó)土資源管理模型,于局部到整體的關(guān)系之中,面向國(guó)土資源決策進(jìn)行逐級(jí)抽象和歸納總結(jié),構(gòu)建模型尋求國(guó)土資源精細(xì)化管理之道,并以成都市為綜合應(yīng)用示范區(qū),對(duì)文中所提出的國(guó)土資源監(jiān)管理論框架及其技術(shù)體系進(jìn)行了綜合應(yīng)用和示范。結(jié)果表明,基于該理論框架及其技術(shù)體系所搭建的成都市國(guó)土資源綜合監(jiān)管平臺(tái),各項(xiàng)性能指標(biāo)穩(wěn)定,應(yīng)用示范效果良好,為國(guó)土資源管理的各項(xiàng)提供提供了良好的信息和技術(shù)服務(wù)保障。
[Abstract]:Land and resources are the material basis of human survival and social sustainable development, and also the basic guarantee of social and economic sustainable development in China. On the other hand, it is necessary to safeguard national food security, protect resources and environment, and take land and resources as an important strategic position to participate in national macro-control.
In recent years, the Ministry of Land and Resources has proposed to emancipate the mind, reform and innovate, change management concepts, functions and methods, from micro to macro, from re-examination and approval to supervision, from project implementation to improvement of institutional arrangements, through the comprehensive use of law, administration, economy, science and technology, the establishment of a "heaven, earth, on-line management" of the country. Based on the new system of land and resources management, strengthening monitoring and supervision, serving the public, this paper takes land and resources supervision as the center, land and resources management, mineral resources management, geological hazard prevention and emergency command as the main research objects, based on the system theory, information theory and other multidisciplinary theories, and adopts it. Combining theoretical analysis with empirical research and complementing technical design with comprehensive demonstration, this paper comprehensively analyzes the connotation, objectives and main contents of land and resources supervision, and chooses the land and resources supervision needs of prefectural and municipal authorities as the key link in the modern information technology support. Build an intellectualized land and resources comprehensive supervision platform to form a basic analysis thinking, that is, according to the ideas and methods of urban and rural planning, design "decision-making, implementation, supervision" three levels of application, follow the "comprehensive, integrated, related, shared" principle of sharing, using the "centralized synchronization, distributed convergence" mode to update the comprehensive supervision level. Under the guidance of this idea, Taiwan has put forward six modes of land and resources supervision, namely, index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision, administrative supervision and emergency command. The basic research framework for land and resources supervision has been formed, and a hierarchical land and resources supervision technology based on information technology has been constructed. The system provides new ideas and methods for land and resources management and monitoring.
Through the analysis and research, the following conclusions can be drawn:
(1) Based on the theory of system science and facing the management of land and resources, the connotation and basic characteristics of land and resources supervision are deeply analyzed and studied. It is considered that the ultimate goal of land and resources supervision is to improve the ability of land and resources protection and to promote the overall, coordinated and sustainable development of economy and society. Four basic principles should be followed to support the implementation of land and resources supervision, namely, unified planning and strengthening leadership, oriented to decision-making service management, objective, accurate, dynamic, timely, safe, standardized, stable and efficient. At the same time, land and resources supervision should be in advance, in the event, after the three links of dynamic monitoring and allocation of land and resources, planning, utilization and protection of the four. On this basis, the basic theoretical framework of land and resources supervision is formed. This framework further analyzes the needs of land and resources supervision from the management and business levels. It is considered that land and resources supervision runs through all the links and processes of land and resources management and is generally divided into three levels, namely, leadership and macro-level. At the decision-making level of providing basis and services for regulation and control, grass-roots staff in the specific implementation or implementation of land and resources management policies and laws and regulations and other business and work of the implementation level, as well as for middle-level cadres or discipline inspection departments to provide supervision and inspection services.
(2) Based on the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision put forward above, the main idea of building a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform is put forward, that is, to build a comprehensive supervision platform according to the ideas and methods of balancing urban and rural areas, to design a comprehensive supervision platform with three levels of "decision-making, implementation and supervision", and to follow the "comprehensiveness, integrity, relevance and sharing". The principle of "centralized synchronization, distributed convergence" is adopted to update the comprehensive supervision platform. The study considers that land and resources supervision should be promoted and applied from various angles, levels and aspects. Six modes of land and resources supervision are put forward, namely, index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision. Administrative supervision and emergency command.Based on hierarchical structure and supported by information technology,a five-tier overall technical framework is proposed to realize land and resources comprehensive supervision platform by relying on scientific and technological means,that is,providing platform layer of software and hardware environment,monitoring layer of dynamic data acquisition and acquisition,data layer for data storage and analysis,and Web 2.0 framework. The service layer and user oriented application layer.
(3) Using EAI, hardware virtualization and network load balancing, software as a service (SaaS), mass spatial data efficient management, spatial data ETL, spatial information acquisition and sharing services, modern communications and other technologies, a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform is constructed under the overall framework of the comprehensive land and resources supervision platform. A complete set of technical system has been formed, and a field data acquisition system based on mobile terminals, a monitoring system based on high-resolution remote sensing images, a business management monitoring system based on data interception technology, a real-time video monitoring system based on video technology, and a remote video conference system based on satellite/3G wireless communication technology have been developed. Based on this technology system, Chengdu City was used as a comprehensive demonstration test area for application demonstration, and a "1 library 3 platform" was built, that is, Chengdu land and resources core database and office portal, data portal, monitoring and command (data) center.
(4) The above-mentioned theoretical framework of land and resources supervision and the integrated land and resources supervision platform formed by its technical system have been successfully applied in the Chengdu Comprehensive Demonstration Experimental Zone. The platform has been successfully applied in the annual satellite law enforcement inspection, land use change monitoring, land law enforcement dynamic patrol and management, routine inspection, patch analysis and verification, arable land protection and cultivation, respectively. Significant application and demonstration results have been achieved in the fields of fund issuance and verification, geological disaster monitoring and early warning, geological disaster emergency command, administrative efficiency supervision, land conservation and intensive use evaluation, business parallel examination and approval, anti-corruption and honesty, and analysis of land and resources status.
The innovative understanding of this study:
(1) Taking land resources, mineral resources, geological disaster prevention and emergency command as the research objects, and facing the land and resources management and its monitoring and supervision, the theoretical framework of land and resources supervision is constructed, including the main contents and supervision links of land and resources supervision, and starting from the prefectural and municipal authorities in charge of land and resources, the three aspects are decision-making, supervision and implementation. This paper analyzes the requirements of land and resources supervision and puts forward the main ideas of building a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform, that is, to build a comprehensive land and resources supervision platform according to the ideas and methods of urban and rural planning, to design the application of "decision-making, implementation, supervision" in three levels, to follow the principle of "comprehensiveness, integrity, relevance, sharing" and to adopt the principle of "centralized synchronization, distribution and convergence". "Mode updating comprehensive supervision platform provides a new research idea for land and resources management.
(2) The technical system of land and resources supervision supported by information technology has been constructed. Land and resources management has the characteristics of complexity and diversity, and each business of land and resources has mutual correlation. For example, land "acquisition, supply, use, guarantee and survey" business is an interrelated and organic whole, and one kind of business is the basis of another kind of business. The results of a certain type of business are not only the basis of another kind of business, but also the basis of the changes of relevant indicators.This study fully relies on scientific and technological means, comprehensive use and integration of multi-disciplinary research methods and means, highlighting the combination of management science and technology disciplines, to build a database management, spatial information technology, software engineering technology, network. Supported by modern information technology such as network technology and wireless communication technology, the land and resources supervision technology system is constructed and applied in order to open up various systems, platforms and trades through the following six modes: index supervision, resource monitoring, disaster monitoring, examination and approval supervision, administrative supervision and emergency command. The relationship between government affairs can realize the organic integration of various research methods and means so as to better serve the management of land and resources.
(3) With the thought of system theory, the land and resources management is studied as a whole, which is interrelated, complete, orderly and dynamic. Under the guidance of the theoretical framework and technical system of land and resources supervision, the comprehensive supervision platform of land and resources in Chengdu has been set up in the comprehensive application demonstration area, and has achieved good results. Most of the land and resources supervision and management are based on a single business or a few business to study and analyze, directly for its own problems to develop countermeasures and solutions, this paper takes the system theory as a theoretical guide for the comprehensive use of cybernetics, modern information theory, the basic ideas and methods, adhere to the concept of systematic, holistic Research Taking land and resources management as an organic whole, this paper makes a thorough study of the relationship between land and resources comprehensive supervision platform and various business systems, grasps the essential characteristics of land and resources supervision in the overall to local layers of analysis, and opens up the relationship between supervision platform and business system, business and business, and establishes the relationship between "requisition, supply, etc." The land and resources management model with the main line of "protection, investigation" is used to abstract and summarize the land and resources decision-making step by step in the relationship between the part and the whole. The model is constructed to seek the way of fine management of land and resources. The results show that the comprehensive supervision platform of Chengdu's land and resources based on the theoretical framework and its technical system has stable performance indexes and good application demonstration effect, which provides good information and technical service guarantee for the land and resources management.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:成都理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2013
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:F49;F205

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