【摘要】：產(chǎn)業(yè)融合是新經(jīng)濟時代的重要特征，不同產(chǎn)業(yè)分散獨立運營的模式已經(jīng)不適應新經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，而合作、聯(lián)盟、并購逐漸成為產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的熱點。從20世紀末開始，網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)融合成為世界傳媒產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的趨勢，各國都在經(jīng)歷著一場網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制上的變革。IT信息技術、通信技術、光線技術等飛速發(fā)展，使得電信網(wǎng)、有線電視網(wǎng)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)的運營與管理出現(xiàn)了技術、業(yè)務、管制等方方面面的融合，網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)之間普遍接入也不僅局限于電信領域，需要擴展到互聯(lián)網(wǎng)與有線電視領域，即“三網(wǎng)融合”的普遍接入。作為實現(xiàn)“三網(wǎng)融合”的首要前提，“三網(wǎng)融合”普遍接入越來越多地引起學術界、企業(yè)界及政府的關注。國內的網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)融合是于近年才開始的，由于網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)在中國社會政治生活中的特殊作用，政府以往對網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)實施嚴格的進入管制和行為管制。但是，隨著對外開放的進一步推進和網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)的逐步融合，政府的網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)管制政策也顯現(xiàn)出某些不足和弊端，譬如對網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)的界定不明確、管制過于嚴格等，同時在學術界盡管對網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制的研究歷來就有，但綜合考慮到產(chǎn)業(yè)融合因素的研究分析并不多見，可以說這方面政府規(guī)制研究相對短缺。 媒介產(chǎn)業(yè)的融合是全球傳媒及網(wǎng)絡界關注的焦點。在全球信息產(chǎn)業(yè)大融合的產(chǎn)業(yè)背景下，中國傳統(tǒng)媒體和新媒體在內容、渠道和終端等環(huán)節(jié)加速融合。在內容及服務的生產(chǎn)領域，新舊媒體與網(wǎng)絡型行業(yè)互為補充、相互借力，促進了新的生產(chǎn)方式和生產(chǎn)形式不斷涌現(xiàn)，令人應接不暇。以全媒體生產(chǎn)為路徑探索的中國媒介生產(chǎn)融合，其價值不僅是作為一種新的生產(chǎn)方式帶來傳播變革，更是為日顯困頓的傳統(tǒng)媒體帶來了發(fā)展的契機，也為國家“三網(wǎng)融合”戰(zhàn)略的實施注入新的活力。 網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)的互聯(lián)互通接入定價研究一直是網(wǎng)絡產(chǎn)業(yè)的焦點領域，更是理論界和實務界廣泛探討的重要議題之一。20世紀80年代以來，發(fā)達國家在網(wǎng)絡產(chǎn)業(yè)，特別是網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)相繼放松價格規(guī)制、打破壟斷、引入競爭，實施規(guī)制改革。由于各國歷史、文化、法律制度等背景不同，規(guī)制改革的出發(fā)點也有所不同，但30年來世界各國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制改革的基本目標卻是一致：通過打破壟斷、引人競爭，促進網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)的有效競爭。自從網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)引入競爭以來，網(wǎng)間互聯(lián)互通成為網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)監(jiān)管的重中之重，而制定一個合理的網(wǎng)間接入定價是解決互聯(lián)互通問題的關鍵。但是，由于網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)網(wǎng)絡結構的復雜性、業(yè)務種類的多樣性，因此，很難確定一種各方都認同并且科學合理的定價方案。隨著世界各國“三網(wǎng)融合”改革實踐的不斷深入，建立一種能同時最大化網(wǎng)絡性企業(yè)營運的社會效益、企業(yè)效益和消費者效用的互聯(lián)互通接入定價模式，這是實現(xiàn)網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)市場有效競爭的關鍵�；谏鲜鲈�，本文嘗試運用數(shù)理經(jīng)濟的分析方法研究互聯(lián)互通中的接入定價對市場結構的影響，同時分析在特定的假設條件下，單向接入中的在位運營商和進入運營商在其各個業(yè)務領域的產(chǎn)品定價、接入定價的具體影響因素，從而為制定價格規(guī)制政策提供相應的理論及實踐建議。 基于我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制急需創(chuàng)新的現(xiàn)實問題，以及理論研究方面的不足，本文系統(tǒng)地從產(chǎn)業(yè)融合與我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)融合現(xiàn)狀及趨勢、國內外網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制的發(fā)展與比較、我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)政府規(guī)制的特點以及缺陷、我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)政府規(guī)制在產(chǎn)業(yè)融合背景下的調整和完善等方面進行研究。本文還對網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制的完善路徑進行了分析，以探求科學、可行的規(guī)制措施。 本文具體的結構安排如下：在分析制度經(jīng)濟學及規(guī)制經(jīng)濟學中對于政府規(guī)制概念、特征及發(fā)展的基礎上，研究我國“三網(wǎng)融合”的技術基礎及其發(fā)展歷程、“三網(wǎng)融合”的內在動力及運作機制；利用數(shù)理經(jīng)濟分析法研究“三網(wǎng)融合”背景下，網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)互聯(lián)互通中的接入定價對市場結構的影響；同時分析了特定的假設條件下，單向接入的在位運營商和進入運營商在其各個業(yè)務領域的市場結構變遷、產(chǎn)品定價、單向接入定價的具體影響因素，從而為制定價格規(guī)制政策提供理論和實踐建議；接著，分析了我國“三網(wǎng)融合”背景下政府規(guī)制的實踐及發(fā)展、現(xiàn)狀及存在的問題；最后，在借鑒國外“三網(wǎng)融合”規(guī)制實踐的基礎上，提出中國應對“三網(wǎng)融合”的政府規(guī)制的應對措施。 本文的研究結論表明，我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制對整個國民經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展和經(jīng)濟體制改革影響重大。在產(chǎn)業(yè)融合發(fā)展到一定階段的時候，政府規(guī)制并沒有跟上產(chǎn)業(yè)融合的腳步，面臨著兩個方面的問題和挑戰(zhàn)：一是尚未完成從行政管理到現(xiàn)代政府規(guī)制的轉變；二是缺乏從產(chǎn)業(yè)分立規(guī)制到產(chǎn)業(yè)融合規(guī)制的轉變。中國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制具有社會、經(jīng)濟等多方面的效應，規(guī)制調整和完善應努力與科學發(fā)展經(jīng)濟、建設和諧社會、對外開放與民主法制進程等大局相適應，，穩(wěn)步推進。同時產(chǎn)業(yè)融合對我國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制也提出了新要求：堅持黨管原則；堅持社會效益與經(jīng)濟效益相統(tǒng)一，社會效益優(yōu)先的原則；堅持長期持續(xù)發(fā)展的原則；堅持分類管理，采取激勵性規(guī)制措施的原則；堅持適應發(fā)展趨勢，促進產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的原則；堅持針對性原則，為提高規(guī)制有效性提供前提條件。在這樣的原則前提下，構筑完備的法律基礎、建立獨立的規(guī)制機構、培育利益獨立的市場競爭主體是中國網(wǎng)絡型產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)制改革的取向，而確定分類管理的理念、加強融合和競爭的關系等都是推動規(guī)制的有效動力。 本文研究的主要特點及創(chuàng)新點在于： （一）分析視角的創(chuàng)新 以前對政府規(guī)制的研究僅限于針對電信行業(yè)或針對有線電視行業(yè)進行獨立的研究分析。本文首次建立一個跨行業(yè)研究的分析框架，構建了以產(chǎn)業(yè)組織理論、企業(yè)競爭戰(zhàn)略、產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈經(jīng)濟學三種理論基礎以及政府規(guī)制理論、有效競爭市場為主體的理論架構，系統(tǒng)地對電信業(yè)規(guī)制、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)業(yè)規(guī)制、廣電業(yè)規(guī)制的發(fā)展進行對比性研究，探尋在三網(wǎng)融合后政府如何進行規(guī)制，進而研究政府規(guī)制手段、規(guī)制效率等問題。從這一視角進行的研究具有創(chuàng)新性，填補了以往研究的盲點。 （二）解決目前政府規(guī)制存在問題的前瞻性 三網(wǎng)融合工作目前仍進展緩慢，針對目前三網(wǎng)融合中的政府規(guī)制存在的諸多問題，本文基于政府失靈理論、規(guī)制理論、俘獲理論等，指出三網(wǎng)融合政府規(guī)制的重要性和必要性，以及政府規(guī)制的手段和內容，這些措施具有前瞻性。三網(wǎng)融合中政府規(guī)制的績效將決定三網(wǎng)融合是否能順利的開展。 （三）提出了“三網(wǎng)融合”背景下的接入定價策略 在充分考慮外部環(huán)境下的網(wǎng)絡產(chǎn)業(yè)，通過在互聯(lián)互通的分析引入了適合市場發(fā)展的接入定價研究，由此構建接入定價模型，由此可知：在基于互聯(lián)互通條件下的電信業(yè)接入定價變化導致的產(chǎn)業(yè)配置中業(yè)務量的降低會直接對社會凈福利造成不良影響，而接入定價的運營商規(guī)模是影響產(chǎn)業(yè)配置中業(yè)務量的決定因素。同時，因為規(guī)模的差異，會導致市場壟斷指數(shù)出現(xiàn)不同方向的變化。所以，如果從降低市場壟斷、提高社會福利角度來看，應該由大運營商承擔提高的接入定價。 （四）提出了政府規(guī)制下網(wǎng)絡產(chǎn)業(yè)的單向接入定價策略 在政府規(guī)制的背景下，當有規(guī)制激勵存在時，在壟斷產(chǎn)業(yè)領域中單向接入直接影響產(chǎn)品的定價。影響因素主要包括公共資金的影子成本、產(chǎn)品的需求彈性以及政府邊際轉移支付。在運營商競爭業(yè)務領域中，對產(chǎn)品定價造成影響的因素主要有：產(chǎn)品需求彈性、邊際轉移支付、邊際服務、產(chǎn)品與替代產(chǎn)品的交叉彈性、市場中產(chǎn)品銷售份額。因此在制定被規(guī)制運營商的政府轉移支付制度時，應該充分考慮運營商成本和轉移支付對壟斷勢力的影響，這樣才能使產(chǎn)品定價與規(guī)制目標相符。否則，壟斷企業(yè)最終產(chǎn)品就會只考慮企業(yè)自身的利潤，而不顧社會福利函數(shù)的最大化問題。 （五）提出了單向接入條件下激勵機制 結合我國電信業(yè)規(guī)制的實際特殊背景，分析了單向接入情況下的規(guī)制收買和激勵機制對運營商、接入定價以及產(chǎn)品定價的影響。最后得知效率較高的企業(yè)往往并不存在規(guī)制收買動機；當有這種動機時，規(guī)制機構的真實性較高，進入運營商的產(chǎn)品定價隨之升高，而且得出了能否發(fā)生規(guī)制收買的概率值；規(guī)制收買不會對產(chǎn)品定價和接入定價造成直接影響，但會通過產(chǎn)品需求和價格對其造成間接的影響。 本文的研究接觸國際最新研究前沿，豐富和完善了“三網(wǎng)融合”背景下政府對于網(wǎng)絡型企業(yè)規(guī)制的理論及實踐方法，為中國政府管制政策提供了決策依據(jù)，具有十分重要的理論意義和廣闊的應用前景。
[Abstract]:Industrial integration is an important feature of the new economic era. The mode of independent operation of different industries has not adapted to the development of the new economy, and cooperation, alliance, merger and acquisition have gradually become the hot spot of the development of industrial economy. From the end of the twentieth Century, the integration of network industry has become the trend of the development of the world media industry. All countries are experiencing a network. .IT information technology, communication technology, light technology and so on are developing rapidly. The operation and management of telecommunication network, cable TV network and Internet have come up with the integration of technology, business and control. The universal access between network industries is not only limited to the telecommunication field, but also needs to be extended to the Internet and cable electricity. As the first premise to realize the integration of the three networks, the universal access of "three networks integration" has attracted more and more attention from the academia, the business community and the government. The domestic network industry integration has only begun in recent years, because the network industry is special in the social and political life of China. However, with the further promotion of the opening to the outside world and the gradual integration of the network industry, the government's network industry control policy also shows some shortcomings and disadvantages, such as the definition of the network industry and the strict control, etc. Although the research on the regulation of network industry has always been in the academic circle, the research and analysis of the factors which consider the factors of industrial integration are not common, which can be said that the research of government regulation is relatively short.
The integration of media industry is the focus of global media and network. Under the background of global information industry, Chinese traditional media and new media have accelerated the integration of content, channels and terminals. In the field of content and service production, the new and old media and the network industry complement each other and promote a new life. The mode of production and the form of production are constantly emerging. The integration of Chinese media production with the path of full media production is not only a new mode of production, but also an opportunity for the development of the traditional media, as well as the implementation of the "three network integration" strategy. Energy.
The research on interconnection and interoperability pricing of network industry has always been the focus area of the network industry. It is one of the important issues which are widely discussed in the theoretical and practical circles. Since the 80s of.20 century, the developed countries have relaxed the price regulation in the network industry, especially the network industry, breaking the monopoly, introducing the competition and implementing the regulation reform. The background of history, culture and legal system of various countries is different, and the starting point of regulation reform is different. However, in the past 30 years, the basic goals of the network industry regulation reform in the world are the same: by breaking the monopoly and attracting the competition, promoting the effective competition of the network industry. Since the network industry introduced the competition, the Internet interconnected and interconnected. It is the most important of network production supervision, and making a reasonable Internet access pricing is the key to solve the interconnection and interoperability problem. However, because of the complexity of the network structure and the diversity of business types, it is difficult to determine a pricing scheme which is identified by all parties and scientific and reasonable. With the "three networks integration" in the world. "The continuous deepening of the reform practice, the establishment of an interconnected and interconnected pricing model which can maximize the social benefits of the network enterprise operation, the benefit of the enterprise and the utility of the consumer, is the key to the effective competition of the network production market. Based on the above reasons, this paper tries to use the analytical method of mathematical economics to study the interconnection and interoperability. The effect of access pricing on the market structure is analyzed. At the same time, it analyzes the pricing of the products and the specific factors of access pricing in the various business areas under the specific assumption, and provides the theoretical and practical suggestions for the formulation of the price regulation policy.
Based on the practical problems that the network industry regulation is in urgent need of innovation and the lack of theoretical research, this paper systematically analyzes the current situation and trend of the integration of industrial integration and China's network industry, the development and comparison of domestic and foreign network industry regulation, the characteristics and defects of the government regulation of China's network industry, and the network type industry administration in China. The government regulation is studied in the aspects of adjustment and perfection under the background of industrial integration. This paper also analyzes the improvement path of the network industry regulation, in order to explore the scientific and feasible regulation measures.
The concrete structure of this paper is as follows: on the basis of the analysis of the concept, characteristics and development of government regulation in institutional economics and regulation economics, the technical basis and development course of the "three networks integration" in China are studied, the internal motive force and operation mechanism of "three networks integration", and the use of mathematical economic analysis to study the integration of the three networks. Under the background, the effects of access pricing on the market structure in the Internet industry interconnection and interoperability; at the same time, it analyzes the market structure changes of the unidirectional access operators and the entry operators in their various business areas, the pricing of products, and the specific factors of the unidirectional access pricing under specific assumptions, so as to formulate price regulation. The policy provides theoretical and practical suggestions. Then, it analyzes the practice and development of government regulation under the background of "three networks integration" in China, and the current situation and existing problems. Finally, on the basis of reference to the practice of "three networks integration" in foreign countries, it puts forward the Countermeasures to deal with the government regulation of China's "three nets convergence".
The conclusion of this paper shows that the regulation of network industry in China has a great influence on the industrial development and economic system reform of the whole national economy. When the industrial integration is developing to a certain stage, the government regulation does not keep pace with the pace of industrial integration, and faces two problems and challenges: first, it has not completed the administrative management to the present. The transformation of government regulation and regulation; two is the lack of transformation from industrial separation regulation to industrial integration. China's network industry regulation has many aspects such as social and economic effects. Regulation adjustment and improvement should work hard with the scientific development of economy, build a harmonious society, open to the outside world and the process of democracy and legal system. The industrial integration has also put forward new requirements for China's network industry regulation: adhere to the principle of party management, adhere to the principle of unity of social and economic benefits, and give priority to social benefits; adhere to the principle of long-term sustainable development; adhere to the original rules of classified management and adopt incentive regulation measures; adhere to the trend of development and promote industrial development. On the premise of such principles, building a complete legal basis, establishing independent regulatory institutions and cultivating independent market competition subject are the direction of China's network industry regulation reform, and the concept of classified management is determined, and the integration and competition are strengthened. The relationship between disputes and so on is the effective motive force to promote the regulation.
The main features and innovation points of this study are as follows:
(1) innovation of analysis angle of view
The previous research on government regulation is limited to the research and analysis of the telecommunication industry or the cable television industry. This paper first establishes an analysis framework for cross industry research, and constructs three theoretical bases, which are industrial organization theory, enterprise competition strategy, industrial chain economics, and government regulation theory, and effective competitive market The theoretical framework of the subject makes a comparative study on the regulation of telecommunication industry, the Internet industry regulation and the regulation of radio and television industry. It explores how the government regulates the government after the integration of the three networks, and then studies the government regulation means and the efficiency of regulation. The research from this perspective is innovative and fills the blind spot of the previous research.
(two) to solve the problems existing in the current government regulation.
The integration of three networks is still slow. In view of the many problems existing in the government regulation in the current three networks integration, this paper is based on the theory of government failure, the theory of regulation, the theory of capture and so on, and points out the importance and necessity of the government regulation of the integration of the three networks, as well as the hand and content of the government regulation. These measures are forward-looking. The performance of government regulation will decide whether the integration of three networks can be carried out smoothly.
(three) put forward the access pricing strategy under the background of "three networks convergence".
Considering the network industry under the external environment, the access pricing research which is suitable for the market development is introduced through the analysis of interconnection and interoperability. Therefore, the access pricing model is constructed. It is clear that the reduction of business volume in the industry allocation caused by the change of telecom industry access pricing under interconnection and interoperability will directly affect the net benefit of the society. The size of the operator is the decisive factor affecting the business volume in the industrial allocation. At the same time, because of the difference in scale, the market monopoly index will change in different directions. Therefore, if the market monopoly is reduced and the social welfare angle is raised, the big operators should take on the improved access set. Price.
(four) put forward a one-way access pricing strategy under the government regulation.
Under the background of government regulation, when there is regulatory incentive, unidirectional access directly affects the pricing of products in the field of monopoly industry. The main factors are the shadow cost of public funds, the elasticity of product demand and the marginal transfer payment of the government. In the field of business competition, the factors that affect the product pricing are the main factors. The product demand elasticity, the marginal transfer payment, the marginal service, the cross elasticity of the product and the substitute product, the market share of the product in the market. Therefore, when the government transfer payment system of the regulated operators is formulated, the cost of the operators and the influence of the transfer payment on the monopolistic forces should be fully considered so as to make the product pricing and regulation. Otherwise, the final product of monopoly enterprise will only consider the profit of the enterprise itself, regardless of the maximization of social welfare function.
(five) the incentive mechanism under unidirectional access condition is put forward
According to the actual special background of China's telecommunications industry regulation, the influence of regulation buying and incentive mechanism on operators, access pricing and product pricing under unidirectional access is analyzed. At last, it is found that the enterprises with high efficiency often do not have the incentive to regulate buying. When there are such machines, the truthfulness of the regulatory institutions is high, and it enters the operation. The price of the product is increased, and the probability of regulation is obtained. Regulation buying will not have a direct impact on the pricing of products and access pricing, but it will have an indirect effect on the product demand and price.
The research of this paper is in contact with the latest international research frontier, enriches and perfects the theory and practice of government regulation on network enterprise under the background of "three networks integration", which provides a decision basis for Chinese government regulation policy. It has very important theoretical significance and broad application prospects.
【學位授予單位】：武漢大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D630;F49;F626;G229.2

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