我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距關(guān)系研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-01 20:56
【摘要】：中國(guó)自改革開放以來(lái)，國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)連續(xù)多年保持高速增長(zhǎng)，中國(guó)的對(duì)外貿(mào)易也獲得了前所未有的發(fā)展。中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易總額由1978年的206.4億美元躍升至2012年的38669.8億美元，年平均增長(zhǎng)率高達(dá)17.95%，對(duì)外貿(mào)易成為推動(dòng)我國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的一架馬車。與此同時(shí)，我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易依存度也大幅攀升，在2006年達(dá)到歷史最高值65.17%，而2012年依然維持在49.99%的高位。中國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易依存度的快速上升對(duì)中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)安全和社會(huì)穩(wěn)定的影響是不容忽視的，其中對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展的區(qū)域差異和對(duì)各種優(yōu)勢(shì)資源的吸引引發(fā)的國(guó)內(nèi)居民的收入分配效應(yīng)便是其中之一。從現(xiàn)實(shí)情況來(lái)看，隨著對(duì)外貿(mào)易的快速發(fā)展，我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距逐年擴(kuò)大，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距比由1978年的1.86:1上升至2012年的3.13:1，并于2007年達(dá)到歷史最大值3.33:1，已經(jīng)超過了國(guó)際警戒線水平。 縱觀國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展、經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)與收入分配的文獻(xiàn)，學(xué)界對(duì)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)的關(guān)系給予了較為詳細(xì)的討論，但是研究我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展與城鄉(xiāng)收入差距關(guān)系的文獻(xiàn)較少且觀點(diǎn)分歧很大，因此研究我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易發(fā)展和城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的之間的關(guān)系有明顯的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文在對(duì)以往相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)梳理的基礎(chǔ)上，從指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的選取、研究?jī)?nèi)容和研究方法三個(gè)方面總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)存在不足和繼續(xù)研究的空間。在指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)的選取中，選取1990-2010這一時(shí)間段進(jìn)行研究，，在此基礎(chǔ)上，以2001年為節(jié)點(diǎn)分階段對(duì)文章主題進(jìn)行研究。在研究?jī)?nèi)容方面，將對(duì)外貿(mào)易影響城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的三大作用機(jī)制以交叉項(xiàng)的形式納入計(jì)量模型，彌補(bǔ)了現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中的研究盲點(diǎn)，量化了對(duì)外貿(mào)易三大作用機(jī)制對(duì)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響方向和影響程度。在研究方法上，選用系統(tǒng)廣義矩（SGMM）方法配合工具變量估計(jì)了動(dòng)態(tài)面板模型，保證了模型估計(jì)結(jié)果的穩(wěn)健性。 本文的實(shí)證結(jié)果表明：1990至2010年間，在影響城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的眾多因素中，我國(guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展有利于縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距。但是，在入世前后，對(duì)外貿(mào)易對(duì)我國(guó)地區(qū)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的影響程度、影響方向和顯著性都不相同。具體表現(xiàn)在中國(guó)加入WTO之前，對(duì)外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展能夠顯著縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距；而加入WTO之后，在對(duì)外貿(mào)易的影響下，城鄉(xiāng)收入差距反而擴(kuò)大了。這主要是因?yàn)槿胧篮笪覈?guó)對(duì)外貿(mào)易結(jié)構(gòu)、貿(mào)易方式發(fā)生著根本性的變化，勞動(dòng)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)為農(nóng)村勞動(dòng)力帶來(lái)的益處逐漸減弱，相反資本、技術(shù)密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展為城市技術(shù)勞動(dòng)者提供了更好的機(jī)會(huì)，對(duì)外貿(mào)易產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)效應(yīng)以及外商直接投資的影響也支持了這一觀點(diǎn)。值得注意的是，無(wú)論從長(zhǎng)期還是從中國(guó)加入WTO前后兩個(gè)階段來(lái)看，我國(guó)外貿(mào)深化通過改善勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)而為鄉(xiāng)村勞動(dòng)力提高收入帶來(lái)更多機(jī)遇，在一定程度上有利于城鄉(xiāng)收入差距的縮小。因而，如何更好的通過對(duì)外貿(mào)易的就業(yè)效應(yīng)來(lái)縮小城鄉(xiāng)收入差距應(yīng)該引起重視。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, the national economy has maintained rapid growth for many years, and China's foreign trade has also achieved unprecedented development. The total volume of China's foreign trade jumped from 20.64 billion US dollars in 1978 to 3.86698 trillion US dollars in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 17.95%. Foreign trade has become a carriage driving the rapid development of China's economy. At the same time, China's dependence on foreign trade has also risen sharply, reaching a record high of 65.17in 2006, while remaining at a high of 49.99 percent in 2012. The impact of the rapid increase in China's dependence on foreign trade on China's economic security and social stability cannot be ignored. One of them is the regional difference in the development of foreign trade and the income distribution effect of domestic residents caused by the attraction of various superior resources. In reality, with the rapid development of foreign trade, the urban-rural income gap in China has expanded year by year. The ratio of urban-rural income gap has risen from 1.86: 1 in 1978 to 3.13: 1 in 2012. And in 2007 reached a record high of 3.33: 1, has exceeded the international warning line level. Throughout the literature on the development of foreign trade at home and abroad, economic growth and income distribution, academic circles have given a more detailed discussion on the relationship between foreign trade development and economic growth. However, there are few literatures on the relationship between the development of foreign trade and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the relationship between the development of foreign trade and the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of combing the previous literatures, this paper summarizes the deficiency of the existing literature and the space for further research from three aspects: the selection of index data, the research contents and the research methods. In the selection of index data, the time period 1990-2010 is selected to study, and on this basis, 2001 is taken as the node to study the theme of the article in stages. In terms of research content, the three mechanisms of foreign trade affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas are brought into the econometric model in the form of cross items, which make up the blind spot in the existing literature. This paper quantifies the influence direction and degree of the three mechanisms of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas. In the research method, the generalized moment (SGMM) method is used to estimate the dynamic panel model with tool variables, which ensures the robustness of the model estimation results. The empirical results show that: from 1990 to 2010, the development of China's foreign trade helps to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas among the many factors that affect the income gap between urban and rural residents. However, before and after China's entry into WTO, the influence of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is different, the influence direction and significance are different. After China's entry into WTO, the development of foreign trade can significantly narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, but after China's entry into WTO, the income gap between urban and rural areas has been widened under the influence of foreign trade. This is mainly due to the fundamental changes in China's foreign trade structure and mode of trade after China's accession to the WTO. The benefits brought to the rural labor force by labor-intensive industries have gradually weakened. On the contrary, capital. The development of technology-intensive industries provides better opportunities for urban skilled workers, which is supported by the effects of foreign trade industrial structure and foreign direct investment. It is worth noting that, both in the long run and in the two stages before and after China's entry into WTO, the deepening of China's foreign trade brings more opportunities for rural labor to raise their income by improving the structure of labor force employment. To a certain extent, it is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, how to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas through the employment effect of foreign trade should be paid more attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F752.7;F124.7
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, the national economy has maintained rapid growth for many years, and China's foreign trade has also achieved unprecedented development. The total volume of China's foreign trade jumped from 20.64 billion US dollars in 1978 to 3.86698 trillion US dollars in 2012, with an average annual growth rate of 17.95%. Foreign trade has become a carriage driving the rapid development of China's economy. At the same time, China's dependence on foreign trade has also risen sharply, reaching a record high of 65.17in 2006, while remaining at a high of 49.99 percent in 2012. The impact of the rapid increase in China's dependence on foreign trade on China's economic security and social stability cannot be ignored. One of them is the regional difference in the development of foreign trade and the income distribution effect of domestic residents caused by the attraction of various superior resources. In reality, with the rapid development of foreign trade, the urban-rural income gap in China has expanded year by year. The ratio of urban-rural income gap has risen from 1.86: 1 in 1978 to 3.13: 1 in 2012. And in 2007 reached a record high of 3.33: 1, has exceeded the international warning line level. Throughout the literature on the development of foreign trade at home and abroad, economic growth and income distribution, academic circles have given a more detailed discussion on the relationship between foreign trade development and economic growth. However, there are few literatures on the relationship between the development of foreign trade and the income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the relationship between the development of foreign trade and the income gap between urban and rural areas. On the basis of combing the previous literatures, this paper summarizes the deficiency of the existing literature and the space for further research from three aspects: the selection of index data, the research contents and the research methods. In the selection of index data, the time period 1990-2010 is selected to study, and on this basis, 2001 is taken as the node to study the theme of the article in stages. In terms of research content, the three mechanisms of foreign trade affecting the income gap between urban and rural areas are brought into the econometric model in the form of cross items, which make up the blind spot in the existing literature. This paper quantifies the influence direction and degree of the three mechanisms of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas. In the research method, the generalized moment (SGMM) method is used to estimate the dynamic panel model with tool variables, which ensures the robustness of the model estimation results. The empirical results show that: from 1990 to 2010, the development of China's foreign trade helps to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas among the many factors that affect the income gap between urban and rural residents. However, before and after China's entry into WTO, the influence of foreign trade on the income gap between urban and rural areas in China is different, the influence direction and significance are different. After China's entry into WTO, the development of foreign trade can significantly narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas, but after China's entry into WTO, the income gap between urban and rural areas has been widened under the influence of foreign trade. This is mainly due to the fundamental changes in China's foreign trade structure and mode of trade after China's accession to the WTO. The benefits brought to the rural labor force by labor-intensive industries have gradually weakened. On the contrary, capital. The development of technology-intensive industries provides better opportunities for urban skilled workers, which is supported by the effects of foreign trade industrial structure and foreign direct investment. It is worth noting that, both in the long run and in the two stages before and after China's entry into WTO, the deepening of China's foreign trade brings more opportunities for rural labor to raise their income by improving the structure of labor force employment. To a certain extent, it is conducive to narrowing the income gap between urban and rural areas. Therefore, how to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas through the employment effect of foreign trade should be paid more attention to.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：F752.7;F124.7
【參考文獻(xiàn)】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
1 李實(shí);羅楚亮;;中國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)居民收入差距的重新估計(jì)[J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年02期
2 唐宜紅;馬風(fēng)濤;;國(guó)際垂直專業(yè)化對(duì)中國(guó)勞動(dòng)力就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)的影響[J];財(cái)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì);2009年04期
3 魏浩;趙春明;;對(duì)外貿(mào)易對(duì)我國(guó)城鄉(xiāng)收入差距影響的實(shí)證分析[J];財(cái)貿(mào)經(jīng)濟(jì);2012年01期
4 賈春新;夏武勇;黃張凱;;銀行分支機(jī)構(gòu)、國(guó)有銀行競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)[J];管理世界;2008年02期
5 陳宗勝,陳曉東;關(guān)于中國(guó)農(nóng)村居民收入差別的研究[J];環(huán)渤海經(jīng)濟(jì)w
本文編號(hào)：2398098
本文鏈接：http://www.sikaile.net/jingjilunwen/shijiejingjilunwen/2398098.html
最近更新
教材專著
